집단지성/잡스9급/기출해설/두문암기

유사형태의 자동사․타동사의 구분 ∙lie ­lay ­lain / rise ­rose­ risen / aris e­arose ­arisen / sit­ sat ­sat ∙lay­l aid­ laid / raise ­raised ­raised / arouse­ aroused ­aroused / seat­ seated ­seated ￭ I didn't feel well so I laid down on the bed and rested for some while. (○, ×) ￭ She lay great emphasis on the point. (○, ×) ￭ The retirement age has been (risen, raised) to 65 for both men and women. ￭ His resig..

과거완료시제와 미래완료시제 ∙과거완료는 기준시점인 ‘과거시제 부사어구’를 수반하며, 잇따른(=연속된) 동작의 경우를 로 나타내는 것과는 구분해야 한다. ∙미래완료는 기준시점인 ‘미래시제 부사어구’를 수반한다. 특히 완료의 by에 유의한다. ￭ I (often heard, had often heard) about her before I met her. ￭ She was a beauty contest winner before she became president of the company. (×) cf) My bus left(=had left) before I reached the terminal. ￭ Medical science (will advance, will have advanced) to a con..

특정 시제를 통제하는 시간 부사어구 ∙과거시제 부사어구 : last night, yesterday, two months ago(=two months back), just now(=just ago), the other day, then, at that time, (in) those days, What time…?, When…?, the first(last) time, in 1988 ∙현재완료시제 부사어구 : lately(=of late), 기점의 since 구문의 주절, up to now, so far, till now, as yet, to date, for(during, over) the last(past) 2 months ∙과거완료시제 부사어구 : long before, two months before..

부사절에서의 시제의 대체 ∙시간, 조건, 양보의 에서 미래시제는 현재시제로, 미래완료시제는 현재완료시제로 대체된다. 그러나 형용사절과 명사절에서는 그대로 각각 미래시제와 미래완료시제로 나타낸다. ￭ Don't forget to turn off the heat when the water will boil. (○, ×) cf) Do you know when the concert will be held? ￭ Can I borrow the book for a day or two if you have finished reading it? (○, ×) ￭ Even if the government (survives, will survive) this crisis, they will face enormous probl..

의미상 주어의 불일치가 허용되는 준동사 구문 ∙부정사 구문 : to be honest(to speak roughly), The novel is easy to read(=to be read)., There is nothing to do(=to be done)., Who is to blame(=to be blamed)?, This is a house to let(=to be let). ∙동명사 구문 : want, need, require, deserve + …ing/to be pp, be worth + …ing ∙무인칭 독립분사구문 : 판단(considering all things, taking all things into consideration, given all things, seeing all thi..

문두 준동사구의 이해 : 준동사구, S + V ∙절(S+V) 앞에 위치하는 문두 to부정사구는 의 의미를 나타낸다. ∙절(S+V) 앞에 위치한 문두 동명사구는 의 형태를 취한다. By …ing, On …ing, In …ing, Besides …ing, Instead of …ing, Far from …ing ∙절(S+V) 앞에 위치한 문두 분사구문은 시간, 조건, 이유, 양보, 부대상황을 나타낸다. ￭ To lower production costs, (the number of the employees was cut, they cut the number of the employees) to a minimum. ￭ Having been deceived by him before, (she doesn't beli..

준동사의 동사적 성질 : 부정 ∙준동사의 부정은 최초의 약속형태인 to R, V…ing, …ing의 바로 앞에서 한다. ￭ He advised me to not believe her words. (○, ×) ￭ She seems (to have not noticed, not to have noticed) me at a glance. ￭ We are used to not having a car. (○, ×) ￭ (Having not heard, Not having heard) from her for a long time, I miss her bad. ￭ With the light not turned on, she wrote a letter. (○, ×) 잡스9급 PDF 교재 ✽ 책 구매 없이 PDF 제공 ..

준동사의 동사적 성질 : 시제 ∙단순시제와 완료시제의 개념을 이해한다. 특히 분사구문에서의 완료시제에 유의한다. ￭ He is said to have been killed in the war. ￭ I hoped to have met you. = I had hoped to meet you. = I was to have met you. = I hoped to meet you but I couldn't. cf) I had hoped to have met you. (×) ￭ He admits (giving, having given) the false information. ￭ We thank you for (doing, having done) your best at the conference. ￭ (Failin..

준동사의 동사적 성질 : 태 ∙먼저 해당 준동사의 를 파악한 후, 그 의미상 주어와 준동사의 태 관계를 따져본다. 특히 분사구문에서의 태 관계에 유의한다. ￭ The food was so cold that he required it (to take away, to be taken away). ￭ She resents (blaming, being blamed) for something she didn't do. ￭ (Taking, Taken) everyday, this medicine will work right away. ￭ (Comparing, Compared) with his novel itself, he remained relatively unknown. ￭ (Considering, Consider..

준동사의 동사적 성질 : 의미상 주어 ∙to부정사의 별도의 의미상 주어는 to R 바로 앞에 으로 표시한다. 그러나 사람의 성질․성격에 대한 칭찬 및 비난을 나타내는 인성형용사(kind, thoughtful, considerate, generous, nice, clever, foolish, stupid, rude, cruel) 구문에서는 to R 바로 앞에 으로 표시한다. ∙동명사의 별도의 의미상 주어는 …ing 앞에 으로 표시한다. ∙분사구문의 별도의 의미상 주어는 분사구문의 …ing 앞에 원래의 주어를 그대로 살려둔다(=독립분사구문). cf) There being nothing to do, we went to the place on foot. ￭ Harry attempted a couple of jo..

준동사의 부사적 용법 ∙절(S+V) 앞에 위치한 문두 to부정사구는 을 나타낸다. ∙Sobbing bitterly, she returned home.(동시 상황), Getting up early, he went jogging.(선 상황), She began writing a letter at 5, finishing it at 6.(후 상황), They kept me standing outside, making me angry.(후 상황), A wise boy, Bill always helps the needy.(단순 설명) 등의 부대상황 분사구문을 이해한다. ∙의 with 부대상황 구문을 이해한다. ￭ (Seeing, To see) his parents off, he went to the airport ..

준동사의 형용사적 용법 : 분사의 형용사적 용법 ∙타동사의 현재분사(interesting, boring)는 을, 타동사의 과거분사(interested, bored)는 을, 자동사의 현재분사(living, growing, remaining)는 를, 변이자동사의 과거분사(fallen, retired, grown)는 를 나타낸다. ∙concerning(=regarding), according to(=depending on), excepting, including, coupled with(=accompanied by․with) 등의 분사형 전치사의 형태에 유의한다. ∙명사+분사(time-consuming, thought-provoking, mouth-watering, self-made), 부사+분사(long-c..

준동사의 형용사적 용법 : to부정사의 형용사적 용법 ∙someone to depend on, a house to live in, nothing to be afraid of, a pen to write with, a company to invest in 등의 to부정사의 후치 수식용법에서 전치사가 누락되면 틀린다. ∙‘…하기로 되어있다(예정, 의무, 가능, 의도, 운명)’를 뜻하는 구문에서는 to R의 태가 능동인지 수동인지를 파악한다. ∙seem(appear), prove(turn out), grow(get, come), manage(fail), happen(chance) + to R ∙the only, the next, the first, the tallest + N + to R ￭ In New Yo..

준동사의 명사적 용법 : 타동사의 목적어로 쓰이는 준동사 ∙바램(want, expect, hope, wish, care, desire, long), 계획․결심(plan, design, prepare, decide, determine, resolve, choose, arrange), 약속․동의(promise, swear, agree, assent, consent), 기타(afford, tend, pretend, refuse, threaten, seek, struggle, strive, dare) + to R ∙완료(finish, quit, abandon), 연기․회피(delay, postpone, avoid, escape, miss, resist), 시인․부인(admit, deny), 숙고․회상․후회(co..

준동사의 명사적 용법 : 일반 주의사항 ∙명사적 용법에서 의문사와 결합하는 것은 동명사가 아닌 to R의 고유 역할이다. ∙명사적 용법에서 전치사의 목적어 역할을 하는 동명사의 고유 역할이지만, 전치사 뒤에 (to) R가 결합되는 구문에 유의한다. ∙look forward to …ing, get used(accustomed) to …ing, What do you say to …ing, When it comes to …ing, with a view to …ing, lead to …ing, come near (to) …ing, be addicted to …ing, devote oneself to …ing, object to …ing, see to …ing, take to …ing, a solution(sec..

5형식 불완전타동사의 목적보어 : 동사가 목적보어로 올 때(O와 OC가 능동인 경우) ∙요청(ask, beg, request, require), 바램(want, need), 설득․강요(encourage, persuade, compel, drive, force, get, oblige, order, tell, urge), 허용․유도(allow, permit, cause, enable, entice, entitle, induce, lead), 기타(advise, promise, forbid) + O + to R ∙지각(see, watch, look at, feel, witness, observe, sense, notice) + O + R/…ing ∙사역(make, have, let) + O + R cf) he..

5형식 불완전타동사의 목적보어 : 형용사․명사가 목적보어로 올 때 ∙5형식 불완전타동사의 보어는 형용사 또는 명사이며, 부사(­ly)가 오면 틀린다. ∙consider, take, regard, see, describe, treat, define + O + as 형․명 ∙think, consider, find, believe, guess, suppose, assume + O + (to be) 형․명 ∙think of, look upon, refer to + O + as 명․형 ∙take(=mistake) him for his brother, take sth for granted, give up the dog for lost ￭ Their reaction made me (sad, sadly). ￭ I fo..

4형식을 3형식으로 전환할 때 간접목적어(IO) 앞에 쓰이는 전치사 ∙give, show, allow, offer, hand, lend, pass, pay, promise, sell, send, teach, tell, wish + DO + to IO ∙make, buy, do, find, choose, get, prepare, fix, cook + DO + for IO ∙ask, require, request, inquire, demand, beg + DO + of IO cf) play sb a trick = play a trick on sb ￭ They do not normally give discounts (for, to) private customers. ￭ He bought a ring (to, ..

4형식 수여동사로 착각하기 쉬운 3형식 완전타동사 ∙explain, introduce, suggest, propose, mention, say, announce, describe + 또는 구문에서 사람(sb) 앞에 전치사 to가 빠지면 틀린다. ￭ The chairman explained (us, to us) that the two sides meet again the following day. ￭ He suggested (me an idea, to me an idea, an idea to me, an idea me) ￭ (He explained it to me., He explained to me it.) ￭ I will introduce to you my wife and my kids. (○, ×) ..

통고․알림의 3형식 완전타동사 ∙inform, remind, convince, assure, advise, warn, accuse + 또는 구문에서 of와 that이 함께 쓰이거나, of 뒤에 절(S+V)이 이어지면 틀린다. ￭ He notified us of he would resign. (○, ×) ￭ They've informed me of that your application was rejected. (○, ×) cf) They agreed to that the plan is too short of time. (×) There is a good chance of that she will recover completely. (×) Despite that he is young, he is very ..

5형식 불완전타동사의 목적보어 : 동사가 목적보어로 올 때(O와 OC가 수동인 경우) ∙모든 5형식동사 + O + pp ∙미래동사 + O + (to be) pp ∙let + O + be pp ￭ He wanted the report (typing, to type, typed, to be typed) double-spaced. ￭ As the movie was full of fun, it made the audience (fascinate, to fascinate, fascinated). ￭ Please keep me (inform, informing, to inform, informed) while you are touring Europe. ￭ I will never let this humiliation..

수동태로 표현하면 틀리는 주의 자동사 ∙disappear, vanish, expire, emerge from, occur to, last, consist of․in․with, resign from, retire from, result from․in, belong to, apologize to, object to, contribute to, experiment on․with, remain, appear, seem 등의 자동사는 수동태(be pp)로 나타내지 못하며, 또한 전치사 없이 명사에 연결시킬 수 없다. ￭ She (retired, was retired) six months before her contract (expired, was expired). ￭ The release of the two ho..

수동태로 나타내지 못하는 경우 ∙that절은 수동문의 주어가 될 수 없다. ∙간접목적어(IO) 앞에 to를 쓰는 동사 중 pass, hand, send, sell, write, read와 간접목적어 앞에 for를 쓰는 동사는 사람(=간접목적어)을 수동문의 주어로 쓰지 않는다. ∙make와는 달리 사역동사 have와 let은 수동태로 나타내지 않는다. ∙재귀대명사는 수동문의 주어가 될 수 없다. ∙소유동사인 have, possess, belong to와 상태동사인 resemble, lack, become(=suit, fit)과 같은 무의지 동사는 수동태로 나타내지 않는다. ￭ That he is ill is said by them. (○, ×) ￭ She was bought a watch by him. (..

4형식의 수동태 전환 ∙직접목적어(DO)를 수동문의 주어로 쓰는 경우, 능동문에서 4형식을 3형식으로 전환할 때 간접목적어(IO) 앞에 쓰이는 전치사를 그대로 쓴다. ￭ That watch was bought (to, for) her by him. ￭ To attend the meeting in time, immediate departure was asked (to, for, of) us. 잡스9급 PDF 교재 ✽ 책 구매 없이 PDF 제공 가능 ✽ adipoman@gmail.com 문의 ✽ 유튜브 강의 공무원 국어 PDF 다운로드 공무원 영어 PDF 다운로드 공무원 한국사 PDF 다운로드 공무원 행정학 PDF 다운로드 공무원 행정법 PDF 다운로드 헌법, 형법, 형소법, 경찰학, 민법, 상법 PDF 다..

3형식의 수동태 전환 ∙자동사+전치사(laugh at, look at), 타동사+명사+전치사(take care of, pay attention to)의 수동태 전환시 전치사가 누락되면 틀린다. ∙They say that he is ill. = It is said that he is ill. = He is said to be ill. ∙They tell us that he is ill. = It is told to us that he is ill. = We are told that he is ill. ￭ He was very shy and couldn't stand (laughing, being laughed, being laughed at). ￭ While his mother was away, the b..

금지․방해의 3형식 완전타동사 ∙prevent, keep, stop, prohibit, inhibit, hinder, deter, restrain + O + from …ing ∙disable, discourage + O + from …ing cf) forbid, persuade, enable, encourage + O + to R ￭ They prohibited shopkeepers (to sell, from selling) cigarettes to children. ￭ The hard wind kept us (to continue, from continuing) with the game. ￭ Tom wanted to join the army, but was dissuaded to do so. (○, ×..

재귀대명사를 목적어로 취할 수 있는 3형식 완전타동사 ∙convince oneself of․that(=be convinced of․that), concern oneself with․in․about(=be concerned with․in․about), accustom oneself to(=be accustomed to), acquaint oneself with(=be acquainted with), seat oneself at․on․down(=be seated at․on․down), dress oneself in(=be dressed in) cf) present oneself at(=be present at), absent oneself from(=be absent from), pride oneself o..

4형식을 3형식으로 전환하지 않는 동사 ∙take, cost, save, forgive, envy, spare는 간접목적어(IO)와 직접목적어(DO)의 순서를 바꿔 쓰지 않는 4형식 수여동사들이다. The trip took me an hour. (○) The trip took an hour to me. (×) It took an hour for me to make the trip. (○) ￭ The holiday package tour will cost (you lots of money, lots of money to you). ￭ (I envy you your success., I envy your success of you.) 잡스9급 PDF 교재 ✽ 책 구매 없이 PDF 제공 가능 ✽ adipoma..

5형식의 수동태 전환 ∙능동태에서의 목적보어(OC)가 그대로 수동태의 주격보어(SC)로 쓰인다. ∙지각동사나 사역동사의 원형부정사(R) 목적보어는 수동태에서는 to R로 나타낸다. ￭ I was asked (feed, feeding, to feed) the dog while they were abroad. ￭ A lot of breakthroughs were witnessed (happen, to happen, happening) in the 1980s. ￭ She was made marry a man she hardly knows. (○, ×) 잡스9급 PDF 교재 ✽ 책 구매 없이 PDF 제공 가능 ✽ adipoman@gmail.com 문의 ✽ 유튜브 강의 공무원 국어 PDF 다운로드 공무원 영어 P..

● 8품사 품사 : Part of Speech ● Noun N. 명사 ● Pronoun pron.[p.] 대명사 personal pronoun 인칭대명사 indefinite pronoun 부정대명사 relative pronoun 관계대명사 [relative adverb 관계부사] reflexive pronoun 재귀대명사 interrogative pronoun 의문대명사 [interrogative adjective, interrogative adverb] demonstrative pronoun 지시대명사 [demonstrative adjective, demomstrative adverb] ● Adjective Adj.(a.) 형용사 ● Verb V. 동사 transitive verb vt. 타동사 int..