어원, pen-= punish penalty n. 벌금 (pay the penalty) penal a. 형벌의 (the penal code) repent v. 후회하다 (repent of his folly) Middle English: from Old French repentir, from re- (expressing intensive force) + pentir (based on Latin paenitere ‘cause to repent’). penance n. 속죄 (do penance for his sin) Similar: atonement expiation self-punishment self-mortification self-abasement reparation amends penalty pun..