Q 1. 다음 밑줄 친 단어의 의미와 가장 가까운 것은?
| The accused concocted the story to get a lighter sentence. |
① confided ② abated ③ fabricated ④ refuted
【해설】 정답 ③
concoct 지어내다, 만들어내다 (= make up) 【어원】 con(=together)+coct(=cook) ⇒ <어원> 1. 같이 섞어서 만들다 2. 꾸며내다->음모를 꾸미다 / the accused 피고인 lighter sentence 가벼운 선고 confide (비밀을) 털어놓다 abate 줄이다, 약화시키다 fabricate 날조하다 refute 반박하다
피고는 가벼운 선고를 받기 위해서 이야기를 지어냈다.
Q 2. 다음 밑줄 친 단어의 의미와 가장 가까운 것은?
| The best-selling novel was written by a pseudonymous author. |
① antonymous ② cryptonymous ③ unanimous ④ synonymous
【해설】 정답 ②
pseudonym 필명 【어원】 pseud[=false]+onym[=name] → 가짜 이름 pseudonymous 필명을 사용하는
antonymous 반의어의 cryptonymous 익명을 사용하는 unanimous 만장일치의 synonymous 동의어의
그 베스트셀러 소설은 필명의 작가에 의해 쓰였다.
Q 3. 빈칸에 공통으로 가장 적절한 것은?
| -The way Sohyun laughed was strongly _____ of her father. -The decoration was _____ of a municipal arts-and-leisure center. |
① reminiscent ② reminding ③ retrogressive ④ renouncing
【해설】 정답 ①
be reminiscent of ~을 기억나게 하다 【어원】 mem-; men(t)-; mne-; mni-; min-= mind
reminding 기억나게 하는 (remind의 목적어로는 사람이 나와야 하므로 문법적으로 적합하지 않다)
retrogressive 퇴행하는 renouncing 포기하는, 부인하는
-소현이 웃는 방식은 그녀의 아버지를 기억나게 했다.
- 그 장식은 시립 예술레저센터를 기억나게 했다.
Q 4. 각각의 빈칸에 가장 적절한 것은?
| Badly infected trees should be _______ and burned. He should find _____ evidence if he wants to take legal action. |
① fallen / tangible ② felled / tenacious ③ felled / tangible ④ fallen / tenacious
【해설】 정답 ③
fall-fell-fallen (떨어지다), fell-felled-felled(나무를 베어 넘어뜨리다)
tangible 손으로 잡을 수 있는, 구체적인 tenacious 끈질긴
-심화게 감염된 나무는 베어져 소각되어야 한다.
-법적인 조치를 취하길 원한다면 그는 구체적인 증거를 찾아야 한다.
Q 5. 문맥상 각각 가장 적절한 것은?
| -Siwoo believes that unemployment is socially [divisible / divisive]. -A man was arrested for driving while [intoxicated / intoxicating]. |
① divisible / intoxicated ② divisive / intoxicating
③ divisible / intoxicating ④ divisive / intoxicated
【해설】 정답 ④
divisible 나눌 수 있는 divisive 분열을 초래하는 intoxicate 취하게 하다 driving while intoxicated 음주운전
-시우는 실업이 사회적으로 분열을 초래한다고 믿는다.
-한 남자가 음주운전으로 체포되었다.
Q 6. 다음 중 어법상 가장 적절한 것은?
① All the vehicles need repairing.
② The immediate security threat has been disappeared.
③ You must enter the password to gain an access to the network.
④ Seohee agreed to accompany with her father on a trip to France.
【해설】 정답 ①
① [need + ~ing] = [need + to be pp]이다. need 다음에 동명사가 나오면 수동의 의미가 된다.
② has been disappeared → has disappeared; disappear(사라지다)는 자동사로 수동태가 불가하다.
③ gain an access → gain access; access는 불가산명사로 관사 an을 같이 사용하지 않는다.
④ accompany with → accompany; accompany(~와 동행하다)는 타동사로 목적어 앞에 전치사를 사용하지 않는다.
① 모든 차량은 수리가 필요하다.
② 직접적인 안전위험은 사라졌다.
③ 네트워크에 접근하기 위해선 패스워드를 입력해야 한다.
④ 서희는 아버지와 프랑스 여행에 동행하기로 동의했다.
Q 7. 다음 각 문장을 유사한 의미의 다른 문장으로 바꾸어 쓸 때, 어법상 가장 적절하지 않은 것은?
① We should have waited for the rain to stop.
⟶ I am sorry that we did not wait for the rain to stop.
② It seems that he forgot her important speech.
⟶ It seems to have forgotten her important speech.
③ No matter how hard you may try, you can not persuade him.
⟶ However hard you may try, you can not persuade him.
④ They need not have explained the rules of the game.
⟶ They did not have to explain the rules of the game, but they did.
【해설】 정답 ②
① [should have pp; ~했어야 했는데]는 결국 ‘하지 못했던 것이 아쉽다’는 의미이다.
② It seems to → He seems to; to have forgotten의 행동의 주체는 he이므로 it가 아닌 he를 써야 바른 표현이 된다.
③ [no matter how = however ~; 아무리 ~할지라도]
④ [need not have pp; ~할 필요가 없었는데]는 결국 ‘~할 필요가 없었는데 해버렸다’는 것을 의미한다.
Q 8. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 가장 적절하지 않은 것은?
| Today, there are trucks that sell flowers, shoes, clothes, and all kinds of specialty food items. There are also trucks that provide services, such as hair styling, dog grooming, and repair of high-tech devices. Mobile retail has grown steadily, ①posting a 12% increase between 2009 and 2014. Mobile retail is not without problems, however. Weather, the fluctuating price of gas, and just finding a place to park ②are all challenges that mobile entrepreneurs have to deal with every day. These business owners, however, feel that the advantages ③outweigh to the disadvantages. The mobile food business alone - the largest in the mobile retail sector - ④generates an average annual revenue of $857 million. |
【해설】 정답 ③
① [S + V ~ , posting …]으로 posting는 분사자리이다. ‘12%의 증가를 보이면서’의 의미로 능동의 표현도 바르다.
② 주어가 weather, the fluctuating price of gas, and finding a place to park로 3개나 나와 있으므로 복수형 동사를 쓰는 것은 바르다.
③ outweigh to → outweigh; outweigh(~보다 중요하다)는 완전타동사로 목적어 앞에서 전치사를 사용하지 않는다.
④ 주어가 food business로 단수이므로 동사에 -s를 붙이는 것이 바르다.
Q 9. 다음 우리말을 영작한 것 중 가장 적절한 것은?
①모든 직원들이 보호장비를 착용하는 것은 필수적이다.
→It is essential that every employee wear protective gear.
②누구도 그에게 늦게까지 일하도록 강요하지 않았고, 그렇게 요청하지도 않을 것이다.
→No one would ask him to work late, much more force him to do that.
③회의에서 논의된 바와 같이, 새로운 정책들은 상당한 이익을 가져다 줄 것이다.
→As discussing in the meeting, the new policies will bring significant benefits.
④CEO는 대부분의 회사 제품이 생산되는 공장에 방문했다.
→A CEO visited the factory which most of the company’s products are manufactured.
【해설】 정답 ①
① [It is essential that S + (should) R ~…; ~해야 하는 것이 필수적이다] 구문이다. that절에서는 should를 생략한 동사원형을 써야 하는데, wear가 동사원형으로 바르게 사용된 문장이다.
② much more → much less 또는 still less; ‘~은 말할 것도 없이’에서 much more는 긍정문에서만 사용하고, 부정문에서는 much less를 사용한다.
③ discussing → discussed; [접속사 + 분사구문]의 형태이다. 해석상 ‘논의된 바와 같이’로 수동의 의미이므로 discussed로 써야 한다.
④ which → in which; 관계사절을 복원하면, [Most of the company’s products are manufactured in the factory]가 되어야 하므로 밑줄 친 in the factory에 해당하는 관계사 in which로 써야 한다.
Q 10. 다음 A, B의 대화 중 가장 적절하지 않은 것은?
①A: I want to get a prize in the contest.
B: What are you getting at?
②A: Seulgi, shall we split the bill down the middle?
B: It’s all the same to me.
③A: Yusoo, do you have any more of those delicious cookies?
B: Sure! Help yourself.
④A: Would you deliver the file folder on my desk to Mr. Kim?
B: Consider it done. I’m meeting him soon anyway.
【해설】 정답 ①
What are you getting at? 무슨 말이죠? (상대방의 말을 이해하지 못해서 물어보는 표현) split the bill 반으로 나눠서 계산하자, 나눠서 내자 it’s all the same to me 나에겐 상관없어요. help yourself to ~ ~을 마음껏 드세요 consider it down 물론이죠 (상대방의 부탁을 승낙하면서 쓰는 표현)
①의 ‘What are you getting at?’은 ‘무슨 말을 하려고 하나요?’라는 말로, 상대방의 말의 의미를 이해하지 못할 때 사용하는 표현인데, A의 대답으로는 적합하지 않다.
①A: 나는 대회에서 상을 받고 싶다. B: 무슨 말을 하려고 하나요?
②A: 설기야, 반으로 나눠서 계산하자. B: 아무래도 좋아요. (난 상관없어요, 좋아요; 상대방 의견에 동의)
③A: 유수야, 이 맛있는 쿠키 더 있니? B: 물론이지, 마음껏 먹어.
④A: 책상 위에 있는 파일을 미스터 김에게 전달해 줄 수 있나요? B: 물론입니다. 어쨌든 그를 만나러 갈 예정이거든요.
Q 11. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 가리키는 대상이 나머지 셋과 다른 것은?
| Canals are man-made waterways that are built in order to make transportation easier, irrigate land for farming, and provide drainage for swamps. ①They vary in terms of depth and the size of boat ②they can accommodate, ranging from a local canal which is usually just three feet deep to ship canals which can be more than 25 feet deep. Another interesting feature of canals is whether ③they use locks to help propel the boats through the canal or not. These locks use special mechanisms that change the depth of the water in order to raise and lower boats as ④they move through the canal. |
【해설】 정답 ④
①②③은 canals를 가리키고, ④는 boats를 가리킨다.
Q 12. 다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
| In Ancient Rome, messages sent over short distances, for which a quick reply was expected, were written with a stylus* on wax tablets* mounted in wooden frames that folded together like a book. To modern eyes these tablets, with their flat writing surfaces surrounded by a wooden frame, look strikingly similar to tablet computers. The recipient’s response could be scratched onto the same tablet, and the messenger who had delivered it would then take it straight back to the sender. The tablets could be erased and reused by smoothing the colored wax with the flat end of a stylus. Within the city, this was a handy way to send a quick question to someone and get a reply within an hour or two. Letters sent over longer distances were written on papyrus, which was more expensive but lighter and therefore more suitable for transport. A single sheet of papyrus typically measured about six inches wide by ten inches tall, which was enough for a short letter. *stylus:철필 *wax tablets: 밀랍판 |
① 수신자의 응답은 동일한 밀랍판에 기록되어 발신자에게 바로 보내질 수 있었다.
② 10인치 너비의 파피루스는 더 비싸고 가벼워서, 긴 거리와 긴 편지에 적합했었다.
③ 철필로 기록하는 밀랍판은 빠른 응답이 기대되는 짧은 거리 메시지에 적합했었다.
④ 밀랍판은 철필의 편평한 끝부분으로, 채색된 밀랍을 평탄하게 해서 지우고 재사용될 수 있었다.
【해설】 정답 ②
②6인치 너비에 10인치 길이의 파피루스를 사용했다.
Q 13. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아 제시문이 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?
| Humor, in this perspective, represents a defense mechanism that allows people to better handle difficult and stressful life situations. |
| Laughter resulting from humor shows itself when people find themselves in an unfavorable situation, for which they generally would have felt anger and/or fear, and the detection of incongruent elements allows them to watch it from a different perspective. ( ① ) In this instance, thus, laughter comes from the release of energies generally associated with negative feelings, but that in the specific situation, thanks to the change of perspective, can be expressed as laughter of relief. ( ② ) Freud even describes this humor as “the highest of the defense mechanisms.” ( ③ ) This self-defense mechanism - differently from the ability to understand jokes, which is very widespread - does not present itself in every human being. ( ④ ) Actually, some individuals are able to see the funny and positive side of a certain situation, while others, even in the same circumstances, react showing negative feelings |
【해설】 정답 ②
제시문의 in this perspective(이러한 관점에서)는 ②번 앞의 be expressed as laughter of relief(안도의 웃음으로 표현된다)것을 가리킨다. 또한 ② 다음의 this humor는 제시문의 Humor를 가리키므로 제시문은 ②가 가장 적합하다.
Q 14. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아 문장 뒤에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
| When an underwater object is seen from outside the water, its appearance becomes distorted. This is because refraction changes the direction of the light rays that come from the object. (A) The rays appear to come from closer to the surface than they are, and the straw looks bent. If the straw were viewed from underwater, the part above water would be distorted. (B) When these rays enter the eyes of an observer, nerves in the eyes send signals to the observer’s brain. The brain then constructs a picture based on where the rays appear to have come from. (C) It does this without accounting for the effects of refraction, so the object’s appearance is distorted. When one looks at a straw in a glass of water, light rays from the part of the straw that is underwater refract at the surfaces between the water and the glass and between the glass and the air. |
① A-B-C ②A-C-B ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B
【해설】 정답 ③
1) B의 these rays는 제시문의 the light rays that come from the object를 가리키므로 B가 가장 우선함을 알 수 있다.
2) C에서 지푸라기(a straw)의 사례를 들어 빛의 굴절을 설명하는데, A에서 the straw를 통해 부연 설명하고 있으므로 C-A의 순서를 알 수 있다.
Q 15. 각각의 빈칸에 가장 적절한 것은?
| If an animal is innately programmed for some type of behavior, then there are likely to be biological clues. It is no accident that fish have bodies which are streamlined and smooth, with fins and a powerful tail. Their bodies are structurally adapted for moving fast through the water. ______, if you found a dead bird or mosquito, you could guess by looking at its wings that flying was its normal mode of transport. However, we must not be over-optimistic. Biological clues are not essential. The extent to which they are found varies from animal to animal and from activity to activity. ______, it is impossible to guess from their bodies that birds make nests, and, sometimes, animals behave in a way quite contrary to what might be expected from their physical form: ghost spiders have tremendously long legs, yet they weave webs out of very short threads. To a human observer, their legs seem a great hindrance as they spin and move about the web. |
① Similarly / For example
② However / Therefore
③ For example / In contrast
④ Moreover / Nevertheless
【해설】 정답 ①
동물의 생물학적인 구조와 환경과의 관계를 설명하는 글이다.
1) 첫 번째 빈칸; [물고기의 몸은 구조적으로 물속에 헤엄치기 적합한 구조이다] vs [새나 모기의 몸은 비행하기에 적합한 구조이다]는 동물의 생물학적인 구조가 동물의 행태와 관련 있다는 것을 유사한 사례를 통해 설명하고 있으므로 similarly가 적합하다.
2) 두 번째 빈칸; [생물학적인 특성은 동물마다, 행동마다 다르다] vs [새의 생물학적인 구조를 통해 둥지를 만들 수 있다는 것을 추측하는 것은 불가능하다]는 생물학적인 특성으로 동물의 행태를 다 설명할 수 없다는 것을 예를 들어 설명하고 있으므로 For example이 적합하다.
Q 16. 빈칸에 가장 적절한 것은?
| A recent series of studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. They focused on three different sports: World Cup soccer, professional basketball, and professional baseball. The results were mixed. For soccer and basketball, the studies revealed that adding talented players to a team is indeed a good strategy, but only up to a point. Performance peaked when about 70% of the players were considered top talent; above that level, the team’s performance began to decline. Interestingly, this trend was not evident in baseball, where additional individual talent continued to enhance the team’s performance. In looking for an explanation for the different results for different sports, the researchers isolated one important factor - the extent to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate their actions. This _________ differentiates baseball from basketball and soccer. In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates than in soccer and basketball. |
① talent level ② performance extent
③ team strategy ④ task interdependence
【해설】 정답 ④
빈 칸 다음 문장에서 ‘야구에서 한 선수의 경기력은 축구나 배구보다 팀에 덜 의존적이다’고 표현하고 있다. 이를 근거로 ‘임무의 상호의존성의 야구와 농구, 배구와 차이를 만든다’는 표현이 적절하다. 따라서 빈칸에는 task interdependence가 가장 적합하다.
Q 17. 빈칸에 가장 적절한 것은?
| Capital and human resources in the traditional sector are wasted if a country’s technology policy is geared to meet only the technology demand arising in the modern sector of the economy. This must be obvious as soon as one realizes that the majority of a developing country’s human resources is in rural areas, which will continue for a number of years. Further, it has been argued in the past that rapid industrialization based on the modern sector would bring all the fruits of modernization. It has now been generally accepted the economic change must take place in all sectors of the economy in order not to cause overwhelming social and political problems. Consequently, ________ in the traditional sector must be given equal emphasis to that in the modern sector. |
① capital liberalization and manpower utilization
② economic development and political renovation
③ industrial exploitation and modernization process
④ technology policy and its implementation
【해설】 정답 ④
빈칸이 있는 앞 문장에서 ‘지나친 사회적 정치적 문제를 발생시키지 않기 위해서는 경제 모든 분야에서 경제적 변화가 발생해야 한다’고 말하고 있다. 이를 근거로 빈칸에 technology policy and its implementation을 사용하여 ‘전통분야에서의 기술정책과 실행은 근대 분야에서의 기술정책과 실행과 동등한 강좌를 받아야 한다’고 표현하는 것이 적합하다.
Q 18. 빈칸에 가장 적절한 것은?
| Creativity ____________. We tend to think of breakthroughs as coming in a sudden flash of genius, but this is rarely the case. Ideas often evolve and form over a long period. Andreasen, referring to her study of creative thinking, described her findings this way, “... almost all of my subjects confirmed that when eureka moments occur, they tend to be precipitated by long periods of preparation and incubation, and to strike when the mind is relaxed.” In fact, many of history’s most creative people have a reputation as procrastinators. Martin Luther King, Jr., reportedly wrote his “I Have a Dream” speech at ten o’clock the night before he delivered it, though it had most likely gone through a long period of “preparation and incubation” in his mind before that. |
① is fostered through perspiration
② comes from divergent thinking way
③ involves examining many possible solutions
④ requires us to see things in an original way
【해설】 정답 ①
창의력은 오랜 기간의 노력의 산물이라는 것을 주장하는 내용을 주제로 하고 있다. 본문에서는 ‘by long periods of preparation and incubation(오랜 기간의 준비와 배양)을 통해서 창의성이 만들어진다고 했다. ①번의 perspiration은 ‘땀 흘리기’라는 의미로 ‘노력’을 의미하므로 ①번이 가장 적합한 답.
Q 19. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
| A plot twist is a method used in writing that introduces a surprising change in direction or an unexpected outcome. This change may alter one’s perception of the preceding narrative, or expose a character’s true motivations and intentions. Analysts of literature and film screenplays have identified several common categories of plot twists, each executed in a different manner. For instance, an unreliable narrator refers to a twist in which the narrator is revealed to have manipulated the preceding story, forcing the reader to question their prior assumptions. A well-known example of this can be found in the film The Usual Suspects. Anagnorisis* refers to a character making a sudden, critical discovery related to their own or another character’s true nature, such as the moment the protagonist in The Sixth Sense recognizes that he is in fact dead. Flashback, or analepsis, presents a vivid depiction of a past event that may shed new light on previously inexplicable elements of the story. *Anagnorisis: 인지, 각성, 깨달음 |
① The usefulness of a new plot twist
② The protagonists’ nature in popular movies
③ The different types of a narrative technique
④ The incorporation of several types of plot twist
【해설】 정답 ③
문학작품이나 영화에서 사용되는 다양한 반전 기술을 설명하는 글이다. 여기서는 1) 영화 ‘유주얼 서스펙트’에서 사용한 ‘믿을 수 없는 화자의 이야기 전개’ 방식, 2) 영화 식스센스에서 사용된 ‘각성’ 방식, 3) 과거사건의 이야기를 새롭게 인식하는 ‘플랙시백’ 방식을 예시를 들어 설명하고 있다. 따라서 ③의 ‘다양한 이야기 전개 방식(반전의 이야기 전개 방식)’이 이 글의 주제.
Q 20. 다음 글의 요지를 아래와 같이 작성할 때, 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 내용으로 가장 적절한 것은?
| Music that was exciting to the contemporaries of Bach and Beethoven is still exciting, although we do not share their culture. The early Beatles’ songs are still exciting although the Beatles have unfortunately broken up. Similarly, some Venda songs that must have been composed hundreds of years ago still excite me. Many of us are thrilled by Country music from southern United States, Reggae music from Jamaica, and so on. I do not say that we receive music in exactly the same way as the players, but our own experiences suggest that there are some possibilities of cross-cultural communication. I am convinced that the explanation for this is to be found in the fact that at the level of deep structures in music there are elements that are common to the human psyche, although they may not appear in the surface structures. Music can ______________________. |
① arbitrate between two parties in the cultural difference
② not so much as fertilize human psyche as well as experience
③ provide human with a common emotion as a medium of communication
④ be a source to see through human’s nature by transcending time and place
【해설】 정답 ③
음악은 시대와 문화를 넘어서 인간이 공유할 수 있다는 것을 설명하고 있다. 이런 맥락은 ③을 써서 ‘음악은 전달의 매체로서 인간에게 공통의 감정을 제공할 수 있다’가 가장 적절.
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