ammunition (n.)
"군수품 및 식량"을 뜻하는 프랑스어 la munition의 오역에서 비롯된 단어. 프랑스어에서는 la munition을 *l'amunition으로 오역. 이는 라틴어 munitionem (주격형 munitio) "강화"에서 비롯된 단어)
이 단어의 오류는 프랑스어 a(d)monition "경고"의 영향으로 발생한 것으로 추측. 프랑스어에서는 이 오류를 수정하였으며 (현대 프랑스어 munition), 하지만 영어에서는 라틴어 단어와 일치하도록 불규칙한 -m- 철자가 유지. 처음에는 모든 군수품을 일반적으로 의미했지만, 현대적으로는 총기 및 포병에서 사용되는 재료만을 의미.
munition (n.)
"1530년대, '요새화, 요새화 또는 방어의 행위' (이제는 사용되지 않는 의미), 또한 '전쟁에 사용되는 재료'로, 14세기 프랑스어 municion '요새화, 방어, 방어벽'에서 유래한 것으로, 라틴어 munitionem (주격형 munitio) '방어, 요새화, 보호'는 과거 분사형 munire의 행동 명사이며, moenia '방어벽'과 관련이 있으며, murus '벽'과 관련. 제1차 세계 대전 중 영국의 포탄 공장에서 일하는 여성 노동자들을 munitionettes라고 불렀다.
ammo (n.)
1917년, ammunition 의 줄임말.
municipal 지방자치
라틴어 munus 통치, 의무, 관료의 뜻이며 cap- 이 붙은 단어로
옛날 로마시대 때 새로 정복한 지역에 통치기관을 설립하고 해당 시민에게는 로마 시민권을 주는 시스템
The municipal government passed a law protecting the city parks. 지방 정부의
법률에서 municipal law는 international law 국제법에 대비되는 국내법
프랑스 파생 영어 단어 어원
abandon
abandonment
abase (Old Fr. abaissier)
abash (Old Fr. esbaïr)
abate (Old Fr. abatre, compare modern Fr. abattre)
abatement (Old Fr. abatement, compare modern Fr. abattement)
abatis
abattoir
abbatial
abbe
abbess
abbey (Anglo Fr. abbeie, from Old Fr. abaïe, compare modern Fr. abbaye)
abbreviation, (Fr.abréviation)
abdication
abet (Old Fr. abeter)
abeyance (Anglo Fr. abeiance, from Old Fr. abeance)
abhor (Fr. abhorrer)
ability (Old Fr. ableté, compare modern Fr. habileté with restoration of initial h of Latin habilitas)
abject
abjection
abjuration
abjure (Fr. abjurer)
ablation (Fr. ablation)
ablative
able, from Old French, compare modern Fr. habile or capable
ablution
abnormal compare anormal
aboard (Middle Fr. à bord)
abolish, compare abolir
abolition
abominable
abomination
abound
abrasion
abrasive, Fr. abrasif, abrasive(fem.)
abridge, Fr. abréger
abrogation
abrupt
absence
absent
absinthe
absolute, from Middle French, compare modern Fr. absolu
absolution
absorb (Fr. absorber)
abstain (Old Fr. abstenir)
abstention
abstinence
abstinent
absurd
absurdity (Fr. absurdité)
abundance (Old Fr. abundance, modern Fr. abondance)
abundant
abuse (Fr. abuser)
abusive (Fr. abusif, abusive(fem.) )
abut (Old Fr. abouter)
abysmal (Old Fr. abisme)
academy, compare académie, from anc. Greek akademeia
Acadia (Fr. Acadie)
acceleration (Fr. accélération)
accent (Fr. accent)
accept (Fr accepter)
acceptable
acceptance
access (Fr. accès)
accessible
accession
accident
acclamation
acclimate (Fr. acclimater)
accolade
accommodation
accompaniment (Fr. accompagnement)
accompany (Old Fr. acompaignier, modern Fr. accompagner)
accomplice (Old Fr. complice)
accomplish (Old Fr. acomplir, modern Fr. accomplir)
accord
accordance (Old Fr. accordance)
accost
accoucheur
account (Old Fr. acont)
accountant (Old Fr. acuntant)
accoutre or accouter
accoutrements
accredit
accreditation
accrue
accumulation
accusation
accusative (Old Fr. accusatif)
accuse
accustom (Old Fr. acostumer, modern Fr. accoutumer)
ace, (Old Fr. as)
acephalous, (Fr. acéphale)
acerbity, (Middle Fr. acerbité)
acetic, (Fr. acétique)
acetylene, (Fr. acétylène)
achieve, (Old Fr. achever)
achievement, (Fr. achèvement)
acid, (Fr. acide)
aconite, (Fr. aconit)
acoustic, (Fr. acoustique)
acquaint, (Old Fr. acointier)
acquaintance, (Old Fr. acointance)
acquiesce, (Middle Fr. acquiescer)
acquiescence, (Middle Fr. acquiescence)
acquire, (Old Fr. aquerre)
acquisition
acquit (Old Fr. acquitter)
acrimonious (Fr. acrimonieux)
acrimony (Fr. acrimonie)
acrobat (Fr. acrobate)
acrobatic (Fr. acrobatique)
acromegaly (Fr. acromégalie)
across (Anglo Fr. an cros)
act (Old Fr. acte)
action
activity, (Middle French activité)
actual, (Old French actuel)
acuity, (Middle French acuité)
adage
adapt, (Middle French adapter)
adaptation
addition
address
adhere
adherence
adhesion
adhesive, compare adhésif or feminine form adhésive
adieu, which literally means "to God" (à Dieu), farewell
adjective, compare adjectif
adjoin
adjourn (Old French ajourner)
adjudge (Old French ajugier, compare modern French adjuger)
adjust (Old French ajoster, compare modern French ajuster)
administer (Old French aministrer, compare modern French administrer)
administration
admirable
admiral (Old French amiral)
admiration
admire
admissible
admission
admonish (Old French amonester, compare modern French admonester)
admonition
adolescence
adolescent
adopt
adoption
adorable
adoration
adore
adorn (Old French aourner)
adornment (Old French aournement)
adroit
adulation
adultery (Old French avoutrie or aoulterie, compare modern Fr. adultère)
advance (Old French avancer)
advancement (Old French avancement)
advantage (Old French avantage)
advantageous
adventure, (Old French auenture, compare modern Fr. aventure)
adventurous, (Old French aventuros, compare modern Fr. aventureux)
adversary, (Anglo French adverser, from Old Fr. adversier, compare modern Fr. adversaire)
adverse (Old French avers, compare modern Fr. adverse)
adversity (Anglo French aduersite, from Old Fr. aversite, compare modern Fr. adversité)
advertisement, (French avertissement [warning])
advice, (Old French avis [opinion])
advise, (Old French aviser [give one's opinion])
advocacy, (Old French advocacie)
advocate (Old French avocat [attorney or lawyer])
aerobic (French aérobie)
aerodynamics (French aérodynamique)
aeronautics (French aéronautique)
aeroplane (French aéroplane)
affability (French affabilité)
affable
affair, (Anglo-Norman afere, from Old Fr. afaire or à faire, compare modern Fr. affaire)
affection
affiance (Old French afiancer)
affiliation
affinity, (Old French afinité, compare modern Fr. affinité)
affirm, (Old French afermer, compare modern Fr. affirmer)
affirmation
affirmative
affix (Middle French affixer, from Old Fr. afichier, compare modern Fr. afficher)
afflict
affliction
affluence
affluent
affront
afraid p.p. of afray (Anglo French afrayer, from Old Fr. esfreer, compare modern Fr. effrayer)
agate
age
agent provocateur
aggrandisement Fr. agrandissement
aggravation
aggression, compare agression
aggrieve, (Old Fr. agrever, compare modern Fr. aggraver)
agile
agility
à gogo, or a-go-go, in abundance
agrarian
agree (Old Fr. agreer, compare modern Fr. agréer ["to accept" or "to please"])
agreeable, compare modern Fr. agréable
agreeance (Old Fr. agreance)
agreement (Old Fr. agreement, compare modern Fr. agrément [authorization or amenity])
agronomy
ague
aid (Old Fr. aide)
aide-de-camp
aide-mémoire
aileron
aim (Old Fr. esmar)
air
aisle
à la, in the style of...
alabaster, from Old French alabastre (>Latin> Greek> Ancient Egyptian a-labaste)
à la carte
à la mode
alamode
alarm
alas, from Old French phrase "ha, las!", compare modern Fr. hélas
alchemist
alchemy
alcove
alembic Middle Fr. alambic, from Arabic al anbiq
alert
algorithm
alien (Old Fr. alien)
alienation (Middle Fr. alienation)
align, (Middle Fr. aligner)
alignment, (French alignement)
allegation
allege
allegiance (Anglo French legaunce, from Old Fr. legeance, compare modern Fr. allégeance)
allegorical
allegory
allemande
alley compare allée
alliance
allocation
allot (Old Fr. aloter)
allotment Fr. alotement
allow (Old Fr. alouer)
allowable (Old Fr. alouable)
allowance (Old Fr. alouance)
alloy (Anglo Fr. alai, from Old Fr. aleier)
allude
allure
ally (Old Fr. alier)
almond, (Old Fr. almande, compare modern Fr. amande)
almoner (Old Fr. almosnier, compare modern Fr. aumônier)
alter
alteration
altruism
altruistic
alum
amass
amateur
ambassador
amber
ambergris
ambiance
ambience
ambiguity
ambiguous
ambition
amble (Old Fr. ambler)
ambulance
ambuscade
ambush (Old Fr. embuscher)
amelioration
amenable
amend
amendment
amends
amenity
amerce
amethyst
ami
amiable
amity
ammonite
ammunition, from munition
amnesty, compare amnistie
amorous, from Old French, compare modern Fr. amoureux
amortise
amount
amour
amour-propre
ampere
ample
amplify
amplitude
ampoule
ampul
amulet (Middle Fr. amulette)
amuse
amusement
anagram
analogue
analyse
analyst
anatomy
ancestor (Old Fr. ancestre, compare modern Fr. ancêtre)
ancestral
ancestry
ancien regime
ancient
andiron (Old Fr. andier)
andouille
anecdote
angel (Old Fr. angel)
angelic
angle
anguish (from Old French anguisse, now angoisse)
anime Fr. animé
animosity
anise (Old Fr. anis)
anisette
annals (Old Fr. annales)
annelid
annex, (Old F. annexer)
annihilation
announce
announcement
annoy, from Old French anoier, modern Fr. ennuyer
annoyance
annual (Old Fr. annuel)
annuity (Old Fr. annuité)
annul (Old Fr. annuler)
annunciation (Fr. annonciation)
anoint (Old Fr. enoint, p.p. of enoindre, compare modern Fr. oindre)
anomy
anonym (Fr. anonyme)
antecedent, compare antécédent
antechamber, compare antichambre
antelope, (Old Fr. antelop, compare modern Fr. antilope)
anther, compare anthère
antibiotic, Fr. antibiotique
antigen, Fr. antigène
antique
antiquity (Old Fr. antiquitet, compare modern Fr. antiquité)
antler (Anglo-Fr. auntiler, from Old Fr. antoillier, modern Fr. andouiller)
anus (Old Fr. anus)
apart (Old Fr. à part)
apartment, Fr. appartement
apathy
apercu, Fr. aperçu
aperitif, Fr. apéritif
aphorism
aplomb
apologetic
apologist
apologue
apoplectic
aporetic
apostille
apostle (Old Fr. apostle, compare modern Fr. apôtre)
apostrophe
apothecary (Old Fr. apotecaire, compare modern Fr. apothicaire)
appall (Old Fr. apalir, compare modern Fr. pâlir)
appanage (Old Fr. apanage)
apparel, (Old Fr. apareillier, compare modern Fr. appareil)
apparent
apparition
appeal
appear
appearance
appease
appeasement
appellant
appellation
appellee
apperception
appertain
appetence
appetite
application
applique
apply (Old Fr. aplier, compare modern Fr. appliquer [to implement])
appoint
appointee
appointment
apportion
appose
appraise
appreciable
appreciation
apprehend
apprise
approach
approbation
appropre
approvance
approve
appurtenance
appurtenant
apricot (Fr. abricot, from Port. albricoque, from Arabic al-birquq)
apron (Old Fr. naperon)
après-ski
apropos (Fr. à propos)
aquarelle
aquatic
aqueous
arabesque
arable
arachnid
arbalest
arbitrage
arbitration
arbitrator
arbiter
arbor
arbour
arc
arcade
arch
archaic
archduke
archeology
archer
archery
archetype
architect
architecture
archives
arctic
ardent
ardour
are
arête
argent (Fr. argent)
argot
argue, (Old French arguer)
argument
argumentation
aridity
aristocracy
aristocrat
aristocratic
arithmetic
arm [weapon] (Old French arme)
armagnac
armament
armature
armistice
armoire
armorer
armour
army
aromatherapy
aromatic
arraign
arraignment
arrange
arrangement
arras
array
arrearage
arrears
arrest, from O.Fr. arester
arrive
arriviste
arrogance
arrogant
arrondissement
arsenal
arsenic
arson
art
art brut
art deco
art nouveau
arterial
artery
artesian
article
articulation
artifice
artificial
artillery
artisan
artist
artiste
artistic
asbestos (Old Fr. abeste)
ascendant
ascertain
ascribe (Old Fr. ascrivre)
ashlar (Old Fr. aiseler)
asine
askance (Old Fr. à escone)
asp (Middle Fr. aspe, modern Fr. vipère aspic)
asperity
aspic
aspirant
aspire
assail
assailant
assassin (Fr. assassin, from Arabic hashishiyyin [hashish users])
assault
assay
assemblage
assemble
assembly
assent
assertion
assess (Anglo Fr. assesser)
assessor (Old Fr. assessour, compare modern Fr. assesseur)
assets (Anglo Fr. asetz, from Old Fr. assez [enough])
assign
assignation
assignee
assignment
assist
assistance
assistant
assize
assonance
assort
assuage
assume
assurance
assure
astonish
astray
astrolabe
astronomy
atavism
atelier
atheism
atheist
attach
attaché
attachment
attack
attain
attainder
attainment
attempt
attend
attendance
attendant
attentive
attest
attestation
attire
attitude
attorn
attorney (Old Fr. atorné [appointed] p.p. of aturner)
attraction
attractive
attribution
aubade
aubain
aubergine
auburn
au courant
audible
audience
audition
auditor
au fait
augment
augmentation
augmentative
au naturel
au pair
aunt (Anglo Fr. aunte, from Old Fr. ante, compare modern Fr. tante)
aureole
auspices
austerity
auteur
authentic
author (Old Fr. auctor, compare modern Fr. auteur)
authorise
authority
autoclave
autocracy
autocrat
autocratic
automobile
autumn
avail
avalanche
avant
avant-garde
avarice
avaricious
avaunt
avenge
avenue
aver
average
averment
avert
aviation (Fr. aviation)
aviator
avid (Fr. avide)
avidity
avocet
avoid (Old Fr. evuider)
avoirdupois
avouch
avow (Old Fr. aveu)
await (Anglo Fr. awaitier, from Old Fr. agaitier)
award (Anglo Fr. awarder, from Old Fr. esguarder)
axiom (Fr. axiome)
aye-aye
azimuth (Old Fr. azimut, from Arabic as-sumut)
azure (Old Fr. azur, from Arabic (al)-lazaward, from Persian lajward)
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