영어 기출 문제 해설, 법원직 9급, 2023
Q 1. Henry Molaison에 대한 다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
| Henry Molaison, a 27-year-old man, suffered from debilitating *seizures for about a decade in the 1950s. On September 1, 1953, Molaison allowed surgeons to remove a section of tissue from each side of his brain to stop the seizures. The operation worked, but Molaison was left with permanent **amnesia, unable to form new memories. This tragic outcome led to one of the most significant discoveries in 20th century brain science: the discovery that complex functions like learning and memory are linked to specific regions of the brain. Molaison became known as “H.M.” in research to protect his privacy. Scientists William Scoville studied Molaison and nine other patients who had similar surgeries, finding that only those who had parts of their ***medial temporal lobes removed experienced memory problems, specifically with recent memory. He discovered that a specific structure in the brain was necessary for normal memory. Molaison's life was a series of firsts, as he couldn't remember anything he had done before. However, he was able to acquire new motor skills over time. Studies of Molaison allowed neuroscientists to further explore the brain networks involved in conscious and unconscious memories, even after his death in 2008. * seizure 발작 ** amnesia 기억 상실증 *** medial temporal lobe 내측 측두엽 |
① 외과의사들이 발작을 멈추기 위해 그의 뇌의 양쪽에서 조직의 한 부분을 제거하게 했다.
② 수술 결과는 학습과 기억과 같은 복잡한 기능들이 뇌의 특정 영역과 연결되어 있다는 발견으로 이어졌다.
③ 살아가면서 이전에 한 일을 조금씩 기억할 수 있었지만, 시간이 지나면서 운동 능력이 약화되었다.
④ 그에 대한 연구는 의식적 기억 및 무의식적 기억과 관련된 뇌의 연결 조직을 더 탐구할 수 있게 하였다.
【해설】 정답 ③
① Molaison allowed surgeons to remove a section of tissue from each side of his brain to stop the seizures.
② complex functions like learning and memory are linked to specific regions of the brain
④ However, he was able to acquire new motor skills over time.
[해석] 27세의 헨리 몰래슨은 1950년대에 약 10년 동안 쇠약해지는 발작으로 고통 받았습니다. 1953년 9월 1일, 몰래슨은 외과의사들이 발작을 멈추기 위해 뇌의 양쪽에서 조직의 한 부분을 제거하는 것을 허락했습니다. 수술은 효과가 있었지만 몰래슨은 새로운 기억을 형성할 수 없는 영구적인 기억상실증에 남아있게 되었습니다. 이 비극적인 결과는 20세기 뇌 과학에서 가장 중요한 발견들 중 하나로 이어졌습니다: 학습과 기억과 같은 복잡한 기능들이 뇌의 특정한 영역과 연결되어 있다는 발견입니다. 몰래슨은 그의 사생활을 보호하기 위한 연구에서 "H.M."으로 알려지게 되었습니다. 과학자 윌리엄 스코빌은 몰래슨과 비슷한 수술을 받은 다른 9명의 환자들을 연구했고, 그들의 내측 측두엽의 일부를 제거한 사람들만이, 특히 최근의 기억력과 관련된 경험을 한 기억력 문제를 발견했습니다. 그는 뇌의 특정한 구조가 정상적인 기억을 위해 필요하다는 것을 발견했습니다. 몰래슨의 삶은 그가 전에 한 일을 기억할 수 없었기 때문에 첫 번째 삶의 연속이었습니다. 하지만, 그는 시간이 지나면서 새로운 운동 기술을 습득할 수 있었습니다. 몰래슨에 대한 연구는 신경과학자들이 2008년 그의 죽음 이후에도 의식적이고 무의식적인 기억과 관련된 뇌 네트워크를 더 탐구할 수 있도록 했습니다.
Q 2. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 가장 틀린 것은?
Humans have an inborn *affinity for nature that goes beyond the tangible benefits we derive from the microbes, plants, and animals of the **biomes ① in which we live. The idea that nature in the form of landscapes, plants, and animals ② are good for our well-being is old and can be traced to Charles Darwin or earlier. This idea was called biophilia by psychologist Erich Fromm and was studied by Harvard ant biologist Edward O. Wilson and Stephen Kellert. In 1984, Wilson published Biophilia, which was followed by another book, The Biophilia Hypothesis, ③ edited by Kellert and Wilson, in 1995. Their biophilia hypothesis is ④ that humans have a universal desire to be in natural settings.
* affinity 친밀감
** biome 생물군계(生物群系)
【해설】 정답 ②
tangible 만져서 알 수 있는; 실체적인; 확실한, 명백한, 현실의, 유형(有形)의
biophilia 생물 보존능, 생명애
② are⇨is 주어 동사 수의 일치. nature(주어) is (동사)
① 전치사+ Which는 뒤에 완전한 절이 온다
I have no house. And(but) I can live in it (there).
= I have no house which (that) I can live in. [불완전 문장]
= I have no house I can live in. [불완전 문장]
= I have no house in which I can live. [완전 문장]
= I have no house where I can live. [완전 문장]
③ edited by Kellert and Wilson, in 1995.
S + V [수동/(be+)~ed] + 전치사+目[(대)명사] (목적어가 없다)
④ 관계대명사 what과 접속사 that의 구별이다.
관대 what은 다른 관계 대명사와 다르게 선행사를 포함하여 유일하게 명사절(주어, 목적어, 보어 역할)을 유도한다.
Their biophilia hypothesis is ④ that humans have a universal desire [완전한 문장: that이 옳다]
Q 3. 다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
| Life on Earth faced an extreme test of survivability during the *Cryogenian Period, which began 720 million years ago. The planet was frozen over most of the 85 million-year period. But life somehow survived during this time called “Snowball Earth”. Scientists are trying to better understand the start of this period. They believe a greatly reduced amount of the sun's warmth reached the planet's surface as its radiation bounced off the white ice sheets. Also, they said the fossils found in black shale and identified as seaweed are a sign that livable water environments were more widespread at the time than they once believed. The findings of some research support the idea that the planet was more of a “Slushball Earth” with melting snow. This enabled the earliest forms of complex life to survive in areas once thought to have been frozen solid. The researchers said the most important finding was that ice-free, open water conditions existed in place during the last part of so-called “the Ice Age”. The findings demonstrate that the world's oceans were not completely frozen. It means areas of habitable refuge existed where multicellular organisms could survive. * Cryogenian Period 크라이오제니아기(600∼850만년 전 시기) |
① 지구는 8천5백만 년의 대부분의 기간 동안 얼어 있었지만 생명체는 살아남았다.
② 과학자들은 “눈덩이 지구” 기간 동안에도 지구의 표면에 다다른 태양의 온기가 크게 감소하지 않았다고 믿고 있다.
③ “슬러시볼 지구”의 기간 동안에 초기 형태의 복잡한 생명체가 생존하는 것은 가능했다.
④ 연구결과 "빙하 시대" 후반기의 세계의 바다가 완전히 얼지 않았다는 것이 입증되었다.
【해설】 정답 ②
survivability 살아남을 수 있는 힘, 생존 가능성. 생존성
livable 살기에 알맞은
② They believe a greatly reduced amount of the sun's warmth reached the planet's surface
[해석] 지구상의 생명체들은 7억 2천만 년 전에 시작된 *크라이오제니아기(창빙기) 동안 생존 가능성에 대한 극단적인 시험에 직면했습니다. 이 행성은 8천 5백만 년의 대부분의 기간 동안 얼어 있었습니다. 하지만 생명체는 " 눈덩이 지구"라고 불리는 이 시기에 어떻게든 살아남았습니다. 과학자들은 이 시기의 시작을 더 잘 이해하려고 노력하고 있습니다. 그들은 방사선이 하얀 빙상에서 반사되면서 지구 표면에 도달한 태양의 온기가 크게 감소했다고 믿고 있습니다. 또한, 그들은 검은 셰일에서 발견되고 해초로 확인된 화석들이 그 당시에 그들이 한때 믿었던 것보다 더 널리 퍼져 있었다는 증거라고 말했습니다. 일부 연구 결과는 이 행성이 눈이 녹고 있는 "슬러시볼 지구"에 더 가깝다는 생각을 뒷받침합니다. 이것은 한 때 꽁꽁 얼었다고 생각되었던 지역에서 복잡한 생명체의 초기 형태가 생존할 수 있게 해주었습니다. 연구원들은 가장 중요한 발견은 소위 "빙하 시대"의 마지막 부분 동안 얼음이 없는 개방된 물 조건이 존재했다는 것이라고 말했습니다. 이 연구 결과는 세계의 바다가 완전히 얼지 않았다는 것을 보여줍니다. 그것은 다세포 생물이 생존할 수 있는 거주 가능한 피난처가 존재했다는 것을 의미합니다.
Q 4. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
| As global temperatures rise, so do sea levels, threatening coastal communities around the world. Surprisingly, even small organisms like oysters ________________. Oysters are keystone species with *ripple effects on the health of their ecosystems and its inhabitants. Just one adult oyster can filter up to fifty gallons of water in a single day, making waterways cleaner. Healthy oyster reefs also provide a home for hundreds of other marine organisms, promoting biodiversity and ecosystembalance. As rising sea levels lead to pervasive flooding, oyster reefs act as walls to buffer storms and protect against further coastal erosion. * ripple effect 파급효과 |
① can come to our defense
② can be the food for emergency
③ may be contaminated by microplastics
④ can increase the income of local residents
【해설】 정답 ①
[해석] 지구 기온이 상승함에 따라 해수면도 상승하여 전 세계 해안 지역 사회를 위협하고 있습니다. 놀랍게도, 굴과 같은 작은 유기체들도 우리를 방어할 수 있습니다. 굴은 생태계와 주민들의 건강에 *파급효과를 미치는 핵심종입니다. 성체 굴 한 마리가 하루에 최대 50갤런의 물을 여과할 수 있어 수로가 더 깨끗해집니다. 건강한 굴초는 또한 생물 다양성과 생태계 균형을 촉진하면서 수백 개의 다른 해양 생물들에게 집을 제공합니다. 해수면 상승으로 인해 광범위한 홍수가 발생하기 때문에 굴초는 폭풍을 완충하고 추가적인 해안 침식으로부터 보호하는 벽 역할을 합니다.
① 우리를 방어할 수 있습니다 ② 비상식량이 될 수 있습니다 ③ 미세 플라스틱에 의해 오염될 수 있음 ④ 지역 주민들의 수입을 증가시킬 수 있습니다
Q 5. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
| The myth of the taste map, which claims that different sections of the tongue are responsible for specific tastes, is incorrect, according to modern science. The taste map originated from the experiments of German scientist David Hänig in the early 1900s, which found that the tongue is most sensitive to tastes along the edges and not so much at the center. However, this has been misinterpreted over the years to claim that sweet is at the front of the tongue, bitter is at the back, and salty and sour are at the sides. In reality, different tastes are sensed by *taste buds all over the tongue. Taste buds work together to make us crave or dislike certain foods, based on our long-term learning and association. For example, our ancestors needed fruit for nutrients and easy calories, so we are naturally drawn to sweet tastes, while bitterness in some plants serves as a warning of toxicity. Of course, different species in the animal kingdom also have unique taste abilities: carnivores do not eat fruit and therefore do not crave sugar like humans do. * taste bud 미뢰 |
↓
| The claim that different parts of the tongue are responsible for specific tastes has been proven to be (A) by modern science, and the taste preferences are influenced by the (B) history. |
(A) … (B)
① correct … evolutionary
② false … evolutionary
③ false … psychological
④ correct … psychological
【해설】 정답 ②
[해석] 현대 과학에 따르면 혀의 다른 부분이 특정한 맛에 책임이 있다고 주장하는 맛 지도의 신화는 부정확합니다. 맛 지도는 혀가 중심이 아니라 가장자리를 따라 있는 맛에 가장 민감하다는 것을 발견한 1900년대 초 독일 과학자 데이비드 하니그의 실험에서 유래되었습니다. 하지만, 이것은 단맛이 혀의 앞쪽에 있고, 쓴맛이 뒤쪽에 있으며, 짠맛과 신맛이 옆에 있다고 주장하는 것으로 수년간 잘못 해석되어 왔습니다. 실제로, 혀 전체에 있는 *미뢰를 통해 다양한 맛이 감지됩니다. 미뢰는 우리의 장기적인 학습과 연관성에 근거하여, 우리가 특정한 음식을 갈망하거나 싫어하도록 만들기 위해 함께 일합니다. 예를 들어, 우리의 조상들은 영양소와 쉬운 칼로리를 위해 과일이 필요했기 때문에, 우리는 자연스럽게 달콤한 맛에 끌리는 반면, 몇몇 식물들의 쓴맛은 독성의 경고로 작용합니다. 물론, 동물계의 다른 종들도 독특한 맛 능력을 가지고 있습니다: 육식동물들은 과일을 먹지 않기 때문에 사람들처럼 설탕을 갈망하지 않습니다.
혀의 다른 부분들이 특정한 맛에 책임이 있다는 주장은 현대 과학에 의해 거짓으로 증명되었고, 맛 선호는 진화 역사에 의해 영향을 받습니다.
① 옳음 … 진화론적
② 거짓 … 진화적인
③ 거짓 … 심리학적인
④ 옳음 … 심리학적인
Q 6. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 가장 틀린 것은?
| Language is the primary means ① by which people communicate with one another. Although most creatures communicate, human speech is more complex, more creative, and ② used more extensively than the communication systems of other animals. Language is an essential part of what it means to be human and is a basic part of all cultures. Linguistic anthropology is concerned with understanding language and its relation to culture. Language is an amazing thing ③ what we take for granted. When we speak, we use our bodies-our lungs, vocal cords, mouth, tongue, and lips-to produce noises of varying tone and pitch. And, somehow, when we and others ④ do this together, we are able to communicate with one another, but only if we speak the same language. Linguistic anthropologists want to understand the variation among languages and how language is structured, learned, and used. |
【해설】 정답 ③
③ Language is an amazing thing ③what⇨which we take for granted.
선행사 + which(that) + 불완전문장
선행사 + what + 불완전문장
① 전치사+ Which는 뒤에 완전한 절이 온다.
I have no house. And(but) I can live in it (there).
= I have no house which (that) I can live in. [불완전 문장]
= I have no house I can live in. [불완전 문장]
= I have no house in which I can live. [완전 문장]
= I have no house where I can live. [완전 문장]
② 공통관계의 생략
speech is more complex, more creative, and (is) ② used more extensively.
④ 복수주어 복수동사
when we and others ④do this together, we are able to communicate with one another,
[해석] 언어는 사람들이 서로 의사소통하는 주요 수단입니다. 비록 대부분의 생물들이 의사소통을 하지만, 인간의 말은 다른 동물들의 의사소통 시스템보다 더 복잡하고, 더 창의적이고, 더 광범위하게 사용됩니다. 언어는 인간이 되는 것이 의미하는 것의 필수적인 부분이고 모든 문화의 기본적인 부분입니다. 언어 인류학은 언어와 문화의 관계를 이해하는 것과 관련이 있습니다. 언어는 우리가 당연하게 여기는 놀라운 것입니다. 우리가 말할 때, 우리는 다양한 음색과 음높이의 소음을 내기 위해 폐, 성대, 입, 혀, 그리고 입술을 사용합니다. 그리고 어떻게든, 우리와 다른 사람들이 함께 이것을 할 때, 우리는 서로 의사소통을 할 수 있습니다. 하지만 우리가 같은 언어를 사용할 때만 가능합니다. 언어 인류학자들은 언어 간의 차이와 언어가 어떻게 구조화되고, 배우고, 사용되는지를 이해하기를 원합니다.
Q 7. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
| Healthcare chatbots have been purposed to solve this problem and ensure proper diagnosis and advice for people from the comfort of their homes. |
| People have grown hesitant to approach hospitals or health centers due to the fear of contracting a disease or the heavysum of consultation fees. ( ① ) This leads themto self-diagnose themselves based upon unverified information sources on the Internet. ( ② ) This often proves harmful effects on the person's mental and physical health if misdiagnosed and improper medicines are consumed. ( ③) Based upon the severity of the diagnosis, the chatbot prescribes over the counter treatment or escalates the diagnosis to a verified healthcare professional. ( ④) Interactive chatbots that have been trained on a large and wide variety of symptoms, risk factors, and treatment can handle user health queries with ease, especially in the case of COVID-19. |
【해설】 정답 ③
Q 8. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
| Sports fan depression is a real phenomenon that affects many *avid sports fans, especially during times of disappointment or defeat. |
(A) Fans may experience a decrease in mood, appetite, and sleep quality, as well as an increase in stress levels and a heightened risk of developing anxiety or depression. There are many factors that can contribute to sports fan depression, including personal investment in a team's success, social pressures to support a particular team, and the intense media coverage and scrutiny that often accompanies high-profile sports events. (B) For many fans, their emotional investment in their favorite teams or athletes can be so intense that losingor failing to meet expectations can lead to feelings of sadness, frustration, and even depression. Research has shown that sports fan depression can have a range of negative effects on both mental and physical health. (C) To mitigate the negative effects of sports fan depression, it's important for fans to maintain a healthy perspective on sports and remember that they are ultimately just games. Engaging in self-care activities such as exercise, spending time with loved ones, and seeking support froma mental health professional can also be helpful.
* avid 열심인
① (A) - (C) - (B)
② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (B) - (A)
【해설】 정답 ②
Q 9. Roald Dahl에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
| Roald Dahl (1916-1990) was born in Wales of Norwegian parents. He spent his childhood in England and, at age eighteen, went to work for the Shell Oil Company in Africa. When World War II broke out, he joined the Royal Air Force and became a fighter pilot. At the age of twenty-six he moved to Washington, D.C., and it was there he began to write. His first short story, which recounted his adventures in the war, was bought by The Saturday Evening P ost, and so began a long and illustrious career. After establishing himself as a writer for adults, Roald Dahl began writing children’s stories in 1960 while living in England with his family. His first stories were written as entertainment for his own children, to whom many of his books are dedicated. Roald Dahl is now considered one of the most beloved storytellers of our time. |
① 어린 시절을 영국에서 보냈고, 18세에 아프리카에서 일했다.
② 2차 세계대전이 발발했을 때는 공군에 입대하여 조종사가 되었다.
③ 전쟁에서 자신의 모험을 다룬 첫 번째 단편 소설을 썼다.
④ 성인을 위한 작가가 된 뒤 영국에서 가족과 떨어져 혼자 살면서 글을 썼다.
【해설】 정답 ④
Q 10. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 가장 관계없는 문장은?
One of the most interesting discoveries in the field of new sources of sustainable energy is bio-solar energy from jellyfish. Scientists have discovered that the fluorescent protein in this animal can be used to generate solar energy in a more sustainable way than current *photovoltaic energy. How is this energy generated? ①The process involves converting the jellyfish’s fluorescent protein into a solar cell that is capable of generating energy and transferring it to small devices. ②There has been constant criticism that the natural environment is being damaged by reckless solar power generation. ③The main advantage of using these living beings as a natural energy source is that they are a clean alternative that does not use fossil fuels or require the use of limited resources. ④Although this project is still currently in the trial phase, the expectation is that this source of energy will be able to be expanded and become a green alternative for powering the type of small electronic devices that are becoming more and more common.
* photovoltaic 광전기성의
【해설】 정답 ②
Q 11. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
| On the human level, a cow seems simple. You feed it grass, and it pays you back with milk. It's a trick whose secret is limited to cows and a few other mammals (most can't digest grass). |
| (A) A cow's complexity is even greater. In particular, a cow(plus a bull) can make a new generation of baby cows. This is a simple thing on a human level, but inexpressibly complex on a microscopic level. (B) Seen through a microscope, though, it all gets more complicated. And the closer you look, the more complicated it gets. Milk is not a single substance, but a mixture of many. Grass is so complex that we still don't fully understand it. (C) You don't need to understand the details to exploit the process: it's a straightforward transformation from grass into milk, more like chemistry - or *alchemy - than biology. It is, in its way, magic, but it's rational magic that works reliably. All you need is some grass, a cowand several generations of practical knowhow. * alchemy 연금술 |
① (B) - (A) - (C)
② (B) - (C) - (A)
③ (C) - (A) - (B)
④ (C) - (B) - (A)
【해설】 정답 ④
Q 12. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
| But here it’s worth noting that more than half the workforce has little or no opportunity for remote work. |
COVID-19’s spread flattened the cultural and technological barriers standing in the way of remote work. One analysis of the potential for remote work to persist showed that 20 to 25 percent of workforces in advanced economies could work from home in the range of three to five days a week. ( ① ) This is four to five times more remote work than pre-COVID-19. ( ② ) Moreover, not all work that can be done remotely should be; for example, negotiations, brainstorming, and providing sensitive feedback are activities that may be less effective when done remotely. ( ③ ) The outlook for remote work, then, depends on the work environment, job, and the tasks at hand, so *hybrid work setups, where some work happens on-site and some remotely, are likely to persist. ( ④ ) To unlock sustainable performance and well-being in a hybrid world, the leadingdriver of performance and productivity should be the sense of purpose work provides to employees, not compensation.
* hybrid 혼합체
【해설】 정답 ②
Q 13. Sigmund Freud에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
| Sigmund Freud was a doctor of psychology in Vienna, Austria at the end of the nineteenth century. He treated many patients with nervous problems through his “talk cure.” For this type of treatment, Freud simply let his patients talk to him about anything that was bothering them. While treating his patients, he began to realize that although there were events in a patient's past that she or he might not remember consciously, these events could affect the person's actions in her or his present life. Freud called the place where past memories were hidden the unconscious mind. Images from the unconscious mind might show up in a person's dreams or through the person's actions. Freud wrote a book about his theories about the unconscious mind and dreaming in 1899. The title of the book was “The Interpretation of Dreams” |
① 오스트리아의 정신과 의사였다.
② 신경 문제가 있는 환자들을 대화를 통해 치료했다.
③ 기억이 나지 않는 과거는 환자에게 영향을 미치지 못한다고 주장했다.
④ “꿈의 해석”이라는 책을 썼다.
【해설】 정답 ③
Q 14. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
| All emotions tell us something about ourselves and our situation. But sometimes we find it hard to accept what we feel. We might judge ourselves for feeling a certain way, like if we feel jealous, for example. But instead of thinking we should not feel that way, it's better to notice how we actually feel. Avoiding negative feelings or pretending we don't feel the way we do can *backfire. It's harder to move past difficult feelings and allow them to fade if we don't face them and try to understand why we feel that way. You don't have to dwell on your emotions or constantly talk about how you feel. Emotional awareness simply means recognizing, respecting, and accepting your feelings as they happen. * backfire 역효과를 내다 |
① 부정적인 감정은 잘 조절해서 표현해야 한다.
② 과거의 부정적 감정은 되도록 빨리 극복해야 한다.
③ 감정을 수용하기 어렵다면 전문가의 도움을 받아야 한다.
④ 우리의 감정을 인식하고 존중하며 그대로 받아들여야 한다.
【해설】 정답 ④
Q 15. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
| At the level of lawmaking, there is no reason why tech giants should have such an ironclad grip on technological resources and innovation. |
| (A) As the Daily Wire's Matt Walsh has pointed out, for example, if you don't buy your kid a smartphone, he won't have one. There is no need to put in his hand a device that enables him to indulge his every impulse without supervision. (B) At the private and personal level, there's no reason whythey should have control of your life, either. In policy, politics, and our personal lives, it should not be taken as "inevitable" that our data will be sold to the highest bidder, our children will be addicted to online games, and our lives will be lived in the metaverse. (C) As a free people, we are entitled to exert absolute control over which kinds of digital products we consume, and in what quantities. Most especially, parents should control what tech products go to their kids. |
① (B) - (A) - (C)
② (B) - (C) - (A)
③ (C) - (A) - (B)
④ (C) - (B) - (A)
【해설】 정답 ②
Q 16. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
| These may appear as challenges which may be impossible to address because of the uncertainty in our ability to predict future climate. |
Global warming is a reality man has to live with. ( ① ) This is a very important issue to recognize, because, of all the parameters that affect human existence, on planet earth, it is the food security that is of paramount importance to life on earth and which is most threatened by global warming. ( ② ) Future food security will be dependent on a combination of the stresses, both biotic and *abiotic, imposed by climate change, variabilityof weather within the growing season, development of **cultivars more suited to different ***ambient conditions, and, the ability to develop effective adaptation strategies which allowthese cultivars to express their genetic potential under the changing climate conditions. ( ③ ) However, these challenges also provide us the opportunities to enhance our understandingof soil-plant-atmosphere interaction and how one could utilize this knowledge to enable us achieve the ultimate goal of enhanced food security across all areas of the globe. ( ④) * abiotic 비생물적인 ** cultivar 품종 *** ambient 주변의
【해설】 정답 ③
Q 17. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 가장 틀린 것은?
Anthropologist Paul Ekman proposed in the 1970s that humans experience six basic emotions: anger, fear, surprise, disgust, joy, and sadness. However, the exact number of emotions ① disputing, with some researchers suggesting there are only four, and others counting as many as 27. Additionally, scientists debate whether emotions are universal to all human cultures or whether we’re born with them or learn them through experience. ② Despite these disagreements, emotions are clear products of activity in specific regions of the brain. The *amygdala and the insula or **insular cortex are two representative brain structures most ③ closely linked with emotions. The amygdala, a paired, almond-shaped structure deep within the brain, integrates emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation. It interprets fear, helps distinguish friends from foes, and identifies social rewards and how to attain ④ them. The insula is the source of disgust. The experience of disgust may protect you from ingesting poison or spoiled food.
* amygdala 편도체
** insula cortex 대뇌 피질
【해설】 정답 ①
Q 18. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
| Do you want to be a successful anchor? If so, keep this in mind. As an anchor, the individual will be called upon to communicate news and information to viewer during newscasts, special reports and other types of news programs. This will include interpreting news events, adlibbing, and communicating breaking news effectively when scripts are not available. Anchoring duties also involve gathering and writing stories. The anchor must be able to deliver scripts clearly and effectively. Strong writing skills, solid news judgement and a strong sense of visual storytelling are essential skills. This individual must be a self-starter who cultivates sources and finds new information as a regular part of job. Live reporting skills are important, as well as the ability to adlib and describe breaking news as it takes place. |
① difficulties of producing live news
② qualifications to become a news anchor
③ the importance of the social role of journalists
④ the importance of forming the right public opinion
【해설】 정답 ②
Q 19. 다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
| Modern sculpture is generally considered to have begun with the work of French sculptor Auguste Rodin. Rodin, often considered a sculptural Impressionist, did not set out to rebel against artistic traditions, however, he incorporated novel ways of building his sculpture that defied classical categories and techniques. Specifically, Rodin modeled complex, turbulent, deeply pocketed surfaces into clay. While he never self-identified as an Impressionist, the vigorous, gestural modeling he employed in his works is often likened to the quick, gestural *brush strokes aiming to capture a fleeting moment that was typical of the Impressionists. Rodin's most original work departed from traditional themes of mythology and **allegory, in favor of modeling the human body with intense realism, and celebrating individual character and physicality. * brush stroke 붓놀림 ** allegory 우화, 풍자 |
① 현대 조각은 일반적으로 로댕의 작품에서 시작된 것으로 여겨진다.
② 로댕은 고전적인 기술을 거부하며 조각품을 만드는 새로운 방법을 통합했다.
③ 로댕은 자신을 인상파라고 밝히며 인상파의 전형적인 붓놀림을 보여주었다.
④ 로댕의 가장 독창적인 작품은 신화와 우화의 전통적인 주제에서 벗어나고자 했다.
【해설】 정답 ③
Q 20. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Cosmetics became so closely associated with portraiture that some photography handbooks included recipes for them. American photographers also, at times, used cosmetics to retouch negatives and prints, enlivening women's faces with traces of rouge. Some customers with dark skin requested photographs that would make them look lighter. A skin lightener advertisement that appeared in an African American newspaper in 1935 referenced this practice by promising that its product could achieve the same look produced by photographers: a lighter skin Cop free of *blemishes. By drawing attention to the face and encouraging cosmetics use, portrait photography heightened the aesthetic valuation of smooth and often light-colored skin. * blemish (피부 등의) 티① side effects of excessive use of cosmetics ② overuse of cosmetics promoted by photographers ③ active use of cosmetics to make the face look better ④ decreased use of cosmetics due to advances in photography
【해설】 정답 ③
Q 21. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥 상 낱말의 쓰임이 가장 적절하지 않은 것은?
“Play is something done for its own sake.” says psychiatrist Stuart Brown, author of “Play” He writes: “It’s voluntary, it’s pleasurable, it offers a sense of engagement, it takes you out of time. And the act itself is more important than the outcome.” With this definition in mind, it’s easy to recognize play’s potential benefits. Play ①nurtures relationships with oneself and others. It ②relieves stress and increases happiness. It builds feelings of empathy, creativity, and collaboration. It supports the growth of *sturdiness and grit. When children are deprived of opportunities for play, their development can be significantly ③ enhanced. Play is so important that the United Nations High Commission on Human Rights declared it a ④fundamental right of every child. Play is not **frivolous. It is not something to do after the “real work” is done. Play is the real work of childhood. Through it, children have their best chance for becoming whole, happy adults.
* sturdiness 강건함
** frivolous 경박한, 하찮은
【해설】 정답 ③
Q 22. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
| Lewis Pugh is a British endurance swimmer, who is best known for his long-distance swims in cold and open waters. He swims in cold places as a way to draw attention to the urgent need to protect the world's oceans and waterways from the effects of climate change and pollution. In 2019, Pugh decided to swim in Lake Imja, which is located in the Khumbu region of Nepal, near Mount Everest. After a failed first attempt, Lewis had a *debrief to discuss the best way to swim at 5,300 meters above sea level. He is usually very aggressive when he swims because he wants to finish quickly and get out of the cold water. But this time he showed and swam slowly. * debrief 평가회의 |
① grief ② anger ③ humility ④ confidence
【해설】 정답 ③
Q 23. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 가장 관계없는 문장은?
Fast fashion is a method of producing inexpensive clothing at a rapid pace to respond to the latest fashion trends. With shopping evolving into a form of entertainment in the age of fast fashion, customers are contributing to what sustainability experts refer to as a throwaway culture. This means customers simply discard products once they are deemed useless rather than recycling or donating them. ①The consumers are generally satisfied with the quality of fast fashion brand clothing. ②As a result, these discarded items add a huge burden to the environment. ③To resolve the throwaway culture and fast fashion crisis, the concept of sustainability in fashion is brought to the spotlight. ④Sustainable fashion involves apparel, footwear, and accessories that are produced, distributed, and utilized as sustainably as possible while taking into account socio-economic and environmental concerns.
【해설】 정답 ①
Q 24. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
| Wrinkles are a sure sign of aging, and may also hint that bone health is on the decline. Researchers at Yale School of Medicine found that some women with deepening and worsening skin wrinkles also had lower bone density, independent of age and factors known to influence bone mass. Skin and bones share a common building-block protein, type 1 collagen, which is lost with age, says study author Dr. Lubna Pal. Wrinkles between the eyebrows - the vertical lines above the bridge of the nose - appear to be the strongest markers of *brittle bones, she says. Long-term studies are needed, but it appears the skin reflects what's happening at the level of the bone, says Pal. * brittle 잘 부러지는 |
① 나이가 들면서 주름이 생기는 것은 당연한 현상이다.
② 골밀도 감소와 주름 생성의 관계에 관해서는 연구가 더 필요하다.
③ 여성이 남성보다 주름이 더 많이 생기는 이유는 골밀도차이 때문이다.
④ 주름은 단지 피부 노화와만 연관된 것이 아니라 뼈 건강상태와도 연관이 있다.
【해설】 정답 ④
Q 25. 다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
| Meditation can improve your quality of life thanks to its many psychological and physical benefits. Mindfulness-based interventions, such as meditation, have been shown to improve mental health, specifically in the area of stress, according to a study in the Clinical Psychology Review. When faced with a difficult or stressful moment, our bodies create cortisol, the steroid hormone responsible for regulating stress and our natural fight-or-flight response, among many other functions. Chronic stress can cause sustained and elevated levels of cortisol, which can lead to other negative effects on your health, including *cardiovascular and immune systems and gut health. Meditation, which focuses on calming the mind and regulating emotion, can help to reduce chronic stress in the body and lower the risk of its side effects. * cardiovascular 심혈관계의 |
① Meditation benefits us both mentally and physically.
② Cortisol is released in a stressful situation.
③ Stress does not usually affect our cardiovascular systems.
④ Meditation can help lower chronic stress in the body.
【해설】 정답 ③
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