복합 관계대명사
관계대명사 + ever : 선행사 + 관계대명사
● 명사절, 양보부사절 이끈다.
명사절
Whoever says so is a liar.
= Anyone who says so is a liar.
Whatever he says is true.
= Anything that he says is true.
I will give you whichever you choose.
= I will give you any one that you choose.
양보부사절
Whoever says so, I don't believe it.
= No matter who says so, I don't believe it.
Whatever you may think, he is innocent.
= No matter what you may think, he is innocent.
Whichever you choose, you will be satisfied.
= No matter which you choose, you will be satisfied.
복합 관계형용사
whatever/whichever + 명사
You may read whatever book you like.
Whichever side wins, I will be satisfied.
● whatever는 범위가 정해지지 않은 막연한 뜻일 때 쓰고,
whichever는 범위가 정해진 선택의 뜻일 때 쓴다.
Do whatever you like.
Whichever of the three sisters you choose to marry, you will have a good wife.
● whatever/whatsoever가 부정어 뒤에 오면 at all (전혀)의 뜻을 갖는 강조 부사가 된다.
He has no sense whatever.
= He has no sense at all.
● 복합관계대명사는 <단수> 취급한다.
Whoever comes, he will be welcomed.
● 복합관계대명사의 격
복합관계대명사의 격은 바로 앞에 있는 동사나 전치사와는 무관하게 관계사절의 구조만으로 결정한다.
I'll give it to whoever wants it.
= I'll give it to anyone who wants it.
I'll give it to whomever you like.
= I'll give it to anyone whom you like.
유사 관계대명사
as, but, than + 불완전한 절
● such, as[so], the same ～ as
Read such books as will be helpful.
As many men as came were caught.
This is the same watch as I lost. <같은 종류/부류>
cf. This is the same watch that I lost. <★동일물>
Do not trust such people as praise you in front of you.
He is such a good guy that tells a lie behind others.(비꼬는)
▶ 계속적 용법의 as는 앞․뒤의 절을 받기도 한다.
He was in need of money, as was often the case.
As may be expected, it is very expensive.
● no/not/never ～ but
but = that/who ～ not :「～하지 않는」
There is no rule but has exceptions.
= There is no rule that does not have exceptions.
There is no one but wants money. (★not 빠짐 중요)
= There is no one who does not want money.
★Is there anybody but refuses her proposal?
없다(부정)
● 비교급 ～ than
Don't use more words than are necessary.
You have more books than I have.
관계부사
● 관계부사의 종류
∙관계부사 = 접속사 + 부사 ⇒ 형용사절
∙관계부사 + 완전한 절
∙시간 + when
∙장소 + where
∙이유 + why
∙방법 + how
Tell me the day when she will come back.
This is the house where I was born.
This is the reason why he did it.
He was going to bed, when the phone rang.★
★ 선행사 the way와 관계부사 how는 반드시 둘 중 하나를 생략
This is the way how he solved the problem. .(X)
→ This is the way he solved the problem. (O)
→ This is how he solved the problem. (O)
● 관계부사/선행사의 생략
. ⅰ) 관계부사의 생략
I know the time (when) he will come back.
Tell me the reason (why) you didn't come.
. ⅱ) 선행사의 생략
선행사가 생략되면 <명사절>이 된다.
This is (the place) where the accident happened.
Now is (the time) when I need you most.
That is (the reason) why he was absent.
※ 관계대명사와 관계부사의 차이
관계대명사 + 불완전한 절
관계부사 + 완전한 절
This is the house which my uncle built last year.
This is the house where my uncle lived last year.
① 관계대명사절
I like an apple.
An apple is red.
= I like an apple which is red.
② 관계부사절 : ★★해석
I like the place.
I have my lunch at the place.
= I like the place where I have my lunch
복합 관계부사
관계부사 + ever : 선행사 + 관계부사
● 시간․장소부사절
You may come whenever you like.
= You may come at any time when you like.
I will follow you wherever you go.
= I will follow you to any place where you go.
● 양보부사절
Whenever you may come, you are welcome.
= No matter when you may come, you are welcome.
Wherever she is, I will find her.
= No matter where she is, I will find her.
★ however + 형용사․부사 + S + V :「아무리 ～할지라도」
However stupid he is, he wouldn't do that.
= No matter how stupid he is, he wouldn't do that.
[기출 지문]
(1) All that is needed is a continuous supply of food and water.
(2) Who comes back first is supposed to get a lot of money.
(3) The other night the orchestra played four symphonies, one of them was Mozart‟s.
(4) In 1863 American President Abraham Lincoln made Thanksgiving an official annual holiday, when is now celebrated on the 4th Thursday of November each year.
(5) This is the boy whom I believe deceived me.
(6) There is no rule but has exceptions.
(7) He was the only man that I knew in my neighborhood.
(8) It seems safe to say that the least assimilated of Asian-Americans include the residents of New York‟s sprawling Chinatown, many of who never learn English and rarely move out of their own community.
(9) The child sits quietly, schooled by hazards to which he has been earlier exposed.
(10) I have a photograph of the home where I grew up.
[해설]
(1) All that is needed is a continuous supply of food and water.(O)
(2) Who comes back first is supposed to get a lot of money. (X)
->Whoever
(3) The other night the orchestra played four symphonies, one of them was Mozart’s. (X)->which
(4) In 1863 American President Abraham Lincoln made Thanksgiving an official annual holiday, when is now
celebrated on the 4th Thursday of November each year. (X) ->which
(5) This is the boy whom I believe deceived me. X)
->who (이것도 9번)
(6) There is no rule but has exceptions. (O)
(7) He was the only man that I knew in my neighborhood. (O)
(8) It seems safe to say that the least assimilated of Asian-Americans include the residents of New York’s sprawling Chinatown, many of who never learn English and rarely move out of their own community. (X)
->whom
(9) The child sits quietly, schooled by hazards to which he has been earlier exposed. (O)
(10) I have a photograph of the home where I grew up. (O)
[기출 지문]
(11) She wants to rent the apartment where she saw last Sunday.
(12) I am tired of shoe stores where there‟s nothing that fits my style.
(13) You may invite who you desire to the company outing.
(14) The substantial rise in the number of working mothers, whose costs for childcare were not factored into the administration’s policymaking, was one of the main reasons why led to the unexpected result at the polls.
(15) Chile is a Latin American country where throughout most of the twentieth century was marked by a relatively advanced liberal democracy on the one hand and only moderate economic growth.
(16) He barely managed to drive to the nearest hospital, which he was admitted to coronary-care unit.
(17) Code talkers was a term used to describe people who talk using a coded language. It is frequently used to describe Native Americans who served in the United States Marine Corps which primary job was the transmission of secret tactical messages.
(18) Subsequently, however, astronomers here have seen color changes [which /where] they, too, believe are signs of continuing volcanic activity on the previously supposed dead body of the moon.
(19) Tom moved to Chicago, which he worked for Louis Sullivan.
(20) Who is there but loves his own home? (자신의 가정을 사랑하지 않는 사람이 누가 있겠는가?)
[해설]
(11) She wants to rent the apartment where she saw last Sunday. (X)
->which (아파트를)
(12) I am tired of shoe stores where there’s nothing that fits my style. (O)
(13) You may invite who you desire to the company outing. (X)
->whomever (11번이론)
(14) The substantial rise in the number of working mothers, whose costs for childcare were not factored into the
administration’s policymaking, was one of the main reasons why led to the unexpected result at the polls. (X)
->that or which (주어가 없다)
(15) Chile is a Latin American country where throughout most of the twentieth century was marked by a relatively
->which (역시 뒤에 주어가 없기에)
advanced liberal democracy on the one hand and only moderate economic growth. (X)
(16) He barely managed to drive to the nearest hospital, which he was admitted to coronary-care unit. (X)
->where
(17) Code talkers was a term used to describe people who talk using a coded language. It is frequently used to
describe Native Americans who served in the United States Marine Corps which primary job was the
transmission of secret tactical messages. (X) ->whose
(18) Subsequently, however, astronomers here have seen color changes which they, too, believe are signs of
continuing volcanic activity on the previously supposed dead body of the moon. (O)
(19) Tom moved to Chicago, which he worked for Louis Sullivan. (X)
->where
(20) Who is there but loves his own home? (자신의 가정을 사랑하지 않는 사람이 누가 있겠는가?) (O)
[기출 지문]
(21) Who that is rich could do such a stingy thing?
(22) He employed a man whom he thought was diligent.
(23) Bananas contain resistant starch which research shows block conversion of some carbohydrates into fuel.
(24) It was the main entrance for that she was looking.
(25) However you may try hard, you cannot carry it out.
(26) The police found an old coin which date had become worn and illegible.
(27) His sense of responsibility urged him to undertake the dangerous task which he eventually sacrificed himself.
(28) Alcino Pereira, an intellectually challenged orphan from East Timor, who is unable to speak, has never had access to health care.
(29) The previous revised editions were driven by the huge increase in knowledge, both scientific and experiential, that arose on this new topic.
(30) We can all avoid doing things that we know damages the body, such as smoking cigarettes, drinking too much alcohol or taking harmful drugs.
[해설]
(21) Who that is rich could do such a stingy thing? (O) 누가그런 인색한 짓을 하겠는가... 누가를 한정시켜줌.
(22) He employed a man whom he thought was diligent. (X)
->who
(23) Bananas contain resistant starch which research shows block conversion of some carbohydrates into fuel. (X)
->blocks
(24) It was the main entrance for that she was looking. (X)
->which
(25) However you may try hard, you cannot carry it out. (X)
->However hard you may try
(26) The police found an old coin which date had become worn and illegible.(X)
->whose
(27) His sense of responsibility urged him to undertake the dangerous task which he eventually sacrificed himself.(X)
->for which
(28) Alcino Pereira, an intellectually challenged orphan from East Timor, who is unable to speak, has never had access to health care.(O)
(29) People who are satisfied appreciate what they have in life and don`t worry about how it compares to which others have. (X)
->what
(30) We can all avoid doing things that we know damages the body, such as smoking cigarettes, drinking too much alcohol or taking harmful drugs. (X)
->damage (동사다 이거. 이게 위의 9번)
[기출 지문]
(31) The previous revised editions were driven by the huge increase in knowledge, both scientific and experiential, that arose on this new topic.
(32) In addition, pattern books frequently contain pictures what may facilitate story
comprehension.
(33) They prefer to store such information on their cell phones or computers rather than use their heads, which leads to a condition known as digital dementia, or
forge
tfulness.
(34) The building was destroyed in a fire, the cause of which was never confirmed.
[해설]
(31) The previous revised editions were driven by the huge increase in knowledge, both scientific and experiential, that arose on this new topic. (O)----(컴마, 컴마, 는 삽입구 앞에것이 선행사)
(32) In addition, pattern books frequently contain pictures what may facilitate story comprehension. (X)
->that
(33) They prefer to store such information on their cell phones or computers rather than use their heads, which leads to a condition known as digital dementia, or forgetfulness. (O)
(34) The building was destroyed in a fire, the cause of which was never confirmed. (O)
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