영어 독해 기출 지문 [영어 명문장]
0021.
Actors are so fortunate. They can choose whether they will appear in tragedy or in comedy , whether they will suffer or make merry, laugh or shed tears. But in real life it is different. Most men and women are forced to perform parts for which they have no qualifications. The world is a stage, but the play is badly cast.
whether ~or....:~인지.. 어떤지
I don't know whether it is true or not.
나는 그것이 사실인지 아닌지 모르겠다.
make (oneself) merry:쾌활해지다. 즐겁게 놀다.
The children made merry at the birthday party.
아이들은 생일 파티 때 즐겁게 놀았다.
shed tears: 눈물을 흘리다.
The girl shed tears.
소녀는 눈물을 흘렸다.
part:(일 따위의) 본분(duty), (배우의) 역할,
perform parts
(자기) 본분을 수행하다.
he played the part of Hamlet.
그는 햄릿 역할을 연기했다.
force to~:강요하다, 억지로 ~시키다.
I was forced to do so.
나는 부득이 그렇게 해야만 했다.
cast(배우 등의)배역을 정하다.
the play is badly cast.
연극은 나쁘게 배역되었다.
해석
배우는 매우 운이 좋다. 그들은 비극에 (출연)나타날 것인지 또는 희극에 나타날 것인지 괴로워할 것인지 즐거워 할 것인지 웃을 것인지 눈물을 흘릴 것인지를 선택할 수 있다. 그러나 실생활에서는 사정이 다르다. 대부분의 남녀들이 자격증도 갖고 있지 않는 자기 역할을 부득이 수행해야만 한다. 세상은 무대지만 그 연극은 나쁘게 배역되었다.
0022.
To write: or to speak English is not a science but an art. There are no reliable rules; there is only the general principle that concrete words are better than abstract ones, and that the shortest way of saying anything is always the best. Mere correctness is no guarantee whatever of good writing.
:콜론은 뒤에 공통된 생략 부분이 있음을 암시함
to write English is not a science but an art.
영어를 쓰는 것은 학문이 아니고 기술이다.
whatever: 관계형용사: 약간의 ~이라도
there is no doubt whatever about it.
그것에 관하여 전혀 (약간의) 의심이 없다.
해석
영어를 쓰는 것은 물론 영어를 말하는 것도 학문이 아니라 기술이다. 거기에는 믿을 만한 규칙이 없다. 다만 추상적인 말보다 구체적인 말이 더 좋고 어떤 것을 말하는데 있어서 가장 간단하게 말하는 방법이 항상 가장 좋다는 일반적인 원칙만이 있을 뿐이다. 다만 정확하다는 것만이 좋은 문장의 보증이 되는 것은 전혀 아니다.
0023.
When the conditions of human environment are changing very fast each rising generation has to tackle fresh problem, effect novel self-adjustment of outlook and habit, discover how to adapt old institutions and invent new ones without very much guidance from past experience.
each rising generation: 각각의 젊은 세대
tackle:(문제 따위를)다루다. 처리하다.
he is experienced enough to tackle the problem.
그는 그 문제를 처리할 만큼 경험이 있다.
Speed is not always the best way to tackle a problem.
속도가 항상 문제를 처리하기위한 최선의 방법은 아니다.
구문연구
When the conditions of human environment are very fast changing
each rising generation has to tackle fresh problem,
전체 문장의 주어 has to에 걸리는 본동사
effect novel self-adjustment of outlook and habit,
본동사 목적어 상당구 (인생관)
해석
인간 환경의 조건들이 급속히 변하고 있을 때는 각각의 젊은 세대들은 과거의 경험으로부터 그다지 많은 도움 없이 새로운 문제를 처리하고 새로운 인생관과 습관을 이룩하고 옛날 제도를 (새로운 환경에)적응 시키는 방법을 깨닫고 새로운 제도를 창안해야만 한다,
0024.
Just as it is impossible to see the shape of a wood when you are journeying through the middle of it, so it is really impossible for us to see what our own age is like. Till we have got out of the wood and can see it as a whole, we can't judge which of it's trees are most essential to its general shape.
just as ~so~: ~와 마찬가지로, ~한 것과 똑 같이 ~하다.
Just as rust eats into iron, so care eats into the heart.
녹이 철을 부식시키는 것처럼 근심은 마음을 좀먹는다.
Just as the desert is like a sea, so too is the camel like a ship.
사막이 바다라면 마찬가지로 낙타는 배이다
till(부정어와 함께) ~할 때까지~않다, ~하여 비로소 ~하다,
till people lose health they don't know the value of it.
사람은 건강을 잃을 때까지 건강의 가치를 모른다.
it was not till yesterday that I heard the news. 강조 구문
나는 어제서야 비로소 그 소식을 들었다.
as a whole (←as a whole) ;전체로서
Just as it is impossible to see the shape of a wood when you are journeying
가주어 진주어
해석
숲의 한 가운데를 지나 갈 때는 그 숲의 모양을 볼 수 없는 것과 마찬가지로 우리도 우리들 자신의 시대가 어떻게 생겼는지 안다는 것은 불가능하다. 숲을 나와서 그것을 전체적으로 볼 수 있을 때까지 그 숲의 어떤 나무가 숲의 전반적인 모습에 가장 중요한지를 판단할 수 없다
0025.
I saw a delicate flower had grown up, two feet high between the horses' path and the wheel-track. An inch more to right or left had sealed its fate, or an inch higher; and yet it lived to flourish as much as if it had a thousands acres of untrodden space around it.
delicate flower: 미묘한 꽃, 섬세한 꽃
seal a fate: 운명을 결정하다.
Nothing can decide a person's fate. We make our fate.
아무것도 개인의 운명을 결정할 수 없다. 우리가 운명을 만든다.
as much as if: 마치~인 것과 같이,
He treats his mother with as much deference as if she were the Queen.
그는 자기 어머니를 마치 여왕인 것처럼 최대의 존경을 다해 대했다.
and yet: 그럼에도 불구하고
Frank's mother is the salt of the earth. She has five children of her own and yet fosters three others.
프랭크의 어머니는 우러러볼 만한 분이다. 자기의 아이 다섯 외에 세 명의 양자를 양육하고 있다.
An inch more to right or left had sealed its fate, or an inch higher;
주어에 가정의 조건 함축 가정법 과거완료 주어(물주구문)
and yet it lived to flourish as much as if it had a thousands acres of
had sealed its fate 생략
해석
나는 말의 통로와 마차 바퀴 사이에서 2 피트 높이로 자란 미묘한 꽃 한 송이를 보았다.
오른 쪽으로나 왼 쪽으로 일 인치만 더 치우쳤더라면 일 인치만 높이 자랐더라면 그것이 그 꽃의 운명을 결정하였을 것이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 그 꽃은 그것 둘레에 발길이 닿지 않은 땅을 마치 수천 에이커나 가지고 있는 것처럼 살아서 번창하고 있었다.
0026.
Many of our most successful men, had they been able to choose for themselves, would have selected some quite different profession from that in which they have made their fortunes. they did not like the lot in life which fell to them; but they took it up bravely and made the best of it, and it turned to gold in their hands.
many of~ : 대다수의(복수취급)
different from~:~와 다르다.
make one's fortunes: 성공하다, 출세하다
make a fortune: 부자가 되다, 재산을 모으다.
he made a fortune by speculation.
그는 투기로 재산을 모았다.
for oneself : 혼자 힘으로, 스스로
he is old enough to live for himself.
그는 혼자 힘으로 살 만큼 나이가 들었다.
she bought a new dress for herself.
그녀는 자신을 위하여 새 옷을 샀다.
fall to~: ~에 떨어지다. ~을 시작하다.
all the family fell to crying at the news.
온 식구들이 그 소식을 듣고 울기 시작했다.
take up: 집어 들다, (시간 장소 등을)차지하다.~시작하다.
a big bed takes up half of his room.
큰 침대가 그의 방의 절반을 차지하고 있다.
make the best of:~을 최대한 이용하다,(악조건을)견디다
turn to~.:~으로 변하다, ~에 착수하다, ~에 의지하다
Many of our most successful men, had they been able to choose for themselves,
if they had been(가정법 과거완료 조건절)
해석
우리들의 가장 성공한 사람 대다수는 그들이 스스로 (직업을) 선택할 수 있었더라면 그들이 성공한 직업과는 아주 다른 직업을 골랐을 것이다. 그들은 그들에게 떨어진 운명을 좋아 하지 않았다. 그러나 용감하게 그것을 집어 들었고 최대한 그것을 이용했다, 그래서 운명은 그들 손에서 황금으로 변했다.
0027.
The unattainableness of a thing is never a reason for ceasing to desire it. On the contrary, it tends to increase and even to create desire. Thus our love for those we know, and our longing to be with them, are often increased by their death.
the mother's love of children: (목적격 관계) ~을 ,~의,~에 대한
아이들에 대한 어머니의 사랑(주격 관계와 목적격 관계가 동시에 명사를 수식한 경우에는 주격 관계를 소유격으로 목적격 관계를 of+명사로 표시함)
on the contrary: ~그와는 반대로, 오히려, ~커녕
tend to:~의 경향이 있다. ~에 이바지하다.
one tends to shout when excited.
사람은 흥분하면 소리치는 경향이 있다.
this will tend to improve working conditions.
이것은 노동조건 개선에 이바지할 것이다.
long to: ~을 간절히 바라다,
he longed to see her again.
그는 그녀를 다시 만나기를 간절히 바랬다.
The unattainableness of a thing is never a reason for ceasing to desire it. On the
목적격 관계 명사구(물주구문) a thing
해석
어떤 것을 이룩하지 못하는 것이 그것에 대한 욕망을 멈추게 하는 이유는 결코 아니다.
오히려 그것은 욕망을 증가시키고 욕망을 창조하기조차 하는 경향이 있다. 이리하여 우리가 알고 있는 사람들에 대한 사랑과 그들과 함께 있기를 간절히 바라는 마음은 그들의 죽음으로 종종 증가된다.
0028.
The economical usefulness of a thing depends not only on its own nature, but on the number of people who can and will use it. A horse is useless therefore unsalable, if no one can ride-a sword if no one can strike, and meat, if no one can eat. Thus every material utility depends on its relative human capacity.
not only ~but(also):~뿐만 아니라 ~도 또한(상관 접속사)
she is not only intelligent but beautiful.
그녀는 영리할 뿐만 아니라 아름답기도 하다.
-(dash):앞 문장에 쓰인 문구가 뒷 문장에서 되풀이됨을 나타냄.
a sword is useless therefore unsalable 이 되풀이 됨
depend on:~에 달려 있다, ~나름이다.~에 의지하다.
it depends on the circumstances: 그것은 상황에 달려 있다.
해석
어떤 물건의 경제적 효용 가치는 그 물건의 본질뿐만 아니라 그 물건을 사용할 수 있고 사용하려고 하는 사람들의 수에도 또한 달려 있다. 말이라는 것은 만약에 그것을 탈 수 있는 사람이 없다면 무용지물이므로 그러므로 팔 수 없다. 칼이라는 것도 만약에 그것을 쓸 수 있는 사람이 없다면 무용지물이므로 그러므로 팔 수 없다. 고기라는 것도 만약에 먹을 수 있는 사람이 없다면 무용지물이므로 그러므로 팔 수 없다. 이런 까닭에 모든 물질의 유용성은 그것의 인간의 상대적인 (수용)능력에 달려 있다.
0029.
If some refreshment is served, do not hesitate, but help yourself as soon as your host asks you to or as soon as he begins to eat or drink. If you allowed the food or drink to remain on the table too long untouch, it looks as if you do not appreciate his effort to serve it hot or cold, as the case may be.
some refreshment is served : 어떤 음식물이 차려지면
help oneself to:~을 마음대로 들다
please help yourself to the coffee:차를 드세요
as the case may be: 경우(형편)에 따라서
it looks as if you do not appreciate :(단순한 추측 일 때 가정법 사용하지 않을 수 있음)
마치 당신이 고맙게 여기지 않은 것처럼 보인다.
해석
어떤 음식물이 차려지면 주인이 권하거나 먹거나 마시기 시작하면 주저하지 말고 곧 마음대로 먹어라. 음식물을 손대지 않고 너무 오랫동안 상위에 놓아두면 음식물에 따라서 뜨겁게 하거나 차게 해서 대접하려는 주인의 노력을 마치 당신이 고맙게 여기지 않은 것처럼 보인다.
0030.
It is true in all art when a great master appears he so exhausts the material at his disposal as to make it impossible for any succeeding artist to be original, unless he can either find new material or invent some new method of handling the old.
어귀연구
exhaust:다 써버리다.
at one's disposal:~의 마음대로,
so~as to:~하므로 ~하다(결과), ~할 만큼 ~이다(정도)
he was so angry as to be unable to speak.
그는 말을 할 수 없을 만큼 화가 났다.
either ~or.:(상관 접속사):~이거나~일 것이다. ~도~도,
해석
모든 예술에 있어서 대가가 나타나면 그는 소재를 그의 마음대로 다 써버림으로 어떤 성공한 예술가가 새로운 소재를 찾아 내거나 낡은 소재들을 다루는 어떤 새로운 방법을 창안하거나 하지 않는다면 독창적이 되기란 불가능한 것은 사실이다.
0031. There is not the remotest possibility of any one's calling upon me, and that I should call upon any one else is a thing undreamt of. I owe a letter to a friend! perhaps I shall write it before bedtime; perhaps I shall leave it till tomorrow morning. A letter of friendship should never be written save when the spirit prompts.
0032. My father, from a view of the expense of a college education, which having so large a family he could not well afford, and the mean living which many so educated were afterwards able to obtain, altered his first intention about my education.
0033. The essential distinction between science and art consists in the fact that science makes appeal to universal agreement, whereas art does not. A scientific statement, we are told, is open to confirmation by anybody, while a work of art appeals only to people with certain sensibilities.
0034. You are mistaken if you think that luxury, neglect of good manners, and other vices of which each man accuses the age in which he lives, are especially characteristic of our own epoch; no era in history has ever been free from blame.
0035. It would be unreasonable to suppose that the books that have meant a great deal to me should be precisely those that will mean a great deal to you. But they are books that I feel the richer for having read, and I think I should not be quite the man I am if I had not read them.
0036. Perhaps it is only in childhood that books have any deep influence on our lives. In later life we admire, we are entertained, we may modify some views we already hold, but we are more likely to find in books merely a confirmation of what is in our minds already.
0037. I would have every student come to know, and the sooner the better, that there can be no thorough appreciation of the literature or culture of any country ancient or modern without an exact knowledge of the language.
0038. Some very eminent men of science have interested themselves in the utilization of the internal heat of the earth, and there can be little doubt that sooner or later, some attempt of this kind will be made, though the calculation shows that it would hardly be profitable at present.
0039. Newton's law of gravitation had reigned so long, and
explained so much, that it seemed scarcely credible that it should stand in need of correction. Nevertheless, such correction has at last proved necessary, and no one doubts that correction will, in its turn, have to be corrected.
0040. Mothers who prevent their daughters from leaving home tell everyone that they are perfectly willing to allow it but their daughters are too unselfish to leave, and mothers who try but fail to prevent their daughters from leaving say what a good idea they have always thought it.
0041. Modern man looks eagerly back into the twilight out of which he has come, in the hope that its faint beams will illuminate the obscurity into which he is going! conversely his aspirations and anxieties about the path which lies before him sharpen his insight into what lies behind.
0042. Always, departing friends implore us not to bother to come to the railway station next morning. Always, we are deaf to these entreaties, knowing them to be not quite sincere. The departing friends would think it very odd of us if we took them at their words.
0043. We cannot too often remind ourselves that freedom of the press is not intended for the convenience of those who publish newspapers, control radio or television stations or in other ways spread news and ideas abroad. Freedom of the press is for the public, the whole public, and it is inextricably connected with all other freedom.
0044. In his early plays he succeeded in reproducing, more
faithfully than a greater writer could have done, not only the tastes and the sentiments, but as it were the very temper of mind and tone of morality of his age, so far as they were within his view.
0045. There is only one thing which I feel is worth giving one's whole strength to, and that is the binding together of all classes of our people in an effort to make life in this country better in every sense of the word.
0046. There are few modern novels that excite my interest, and I do not know what I should do for relaxation were it not for the innumerable detective stories that so engagingly pass the time and once read pass straight out of one's mind.
0047. In general, one's memories of any period must necessarily weaken as one moves away from it. One is constantly learning new facts, and old ones have to drop out to make way for them. At twenty I could have written the history of my schooldays with an accuracy which would be quite impossible now.
0048. Excellence in art, as everything else, can only be achieved by dint of painstaking labor. There is nothing less accidental than the painting of a fine picture or the chiselling of a noble statue. Every skilled touch of the artist's brush or chisel, though guided by genius, is the product of unremitting study.
0049. The greater part of what is produced in our industrial center is not for the consumption of the producers themselves, but for others; while the wants of these producers are satisfied by
what others elsewhere in the industrial field are producing for exchange with them.
0050. From whatever side Nature is approached obstacles arise which prevent a clear vision of her; and persistent labour as well as strong desire are necessary for every step of advance whether the motive is purely the pursuit of natural knowledge or profitable advantage.
0051. Since life began upon the earth there has been a gradual development into new and nobler forms. In size and strength, many animals are mightier than man; but he is supreme over them because of his knowledge. Every conquest of science gives the human race greater control over the forces of Nature and their service for good or ill.
0052. It is possible that science may in principle describe completely the structure and actions of man as a part of physical nature. It is clear, however, that man is not thus completely accounted for. Left wholly out of consideration is the realm of ideas and idealism, of understanding and emotion, that gives life its human significance.
0053. The slowness of mankind to realize that a knowledge of the structure of the human body is essential before any understanding of what really constitutes disease can be attained, is partly responsible for the lack of rapid advance in medical science that might have been expected in the great era of Greek culture.
0054. The man of poor ability who is set to perform a function too
difficult for him not only does the work badly, thereby diminishing the total efficiency of the society in which he lives, but himself personally suffers from an anxiety and sense of strain, which may and frequently do result in physical breakdown.
0055. The majority in a democracy has no more right to tyrannize over a minority than, under a different system, the latter would have to oppress the former. The saying that the voice of the people is the voice of God may be quite as untrue, and do quite as much mischief, as the old theory of the divine right of kings.
0056. A philosophy of life is to the mind what the habit of health is to the body. Both should be taken for granted so long as life goes on happily and fully. Only when malady and unhappiness appear is there reason to examine the philosophy of body or mind.
0057. It would have been no small thing, had he done no more than to support himself and his family during so many years by writing without ever being in debt, or in any monetary difficulty: being a man whom nothing would have induced to write against his convictions.
0058. Our love of fire comes partly, doubtless, from our natural love of destruction for destruction's sake. Fire is savage, and so even after all these centuries, are we, at heart. Our civilization is but as the crust that encloses the old planetary flames.
0059. Up till some four decades ago fashionable ladies would no
more have thought of exposing themselves to sunshine than they would today to rain. For to be pale was then the sign of social distinction.
0060. The few moments in the course of each day which a man absorbed in some worldly pursuit may carelessly expend in kind words or trifling charities to those around him are perhaps the only time that he has lived to any purpose worthy of recording.
0061. The political freedom we have today will never be too easy to preserve. It came out of struggle, and it may still demand struggle. It came out of wisdom and patience. We may honor the fathers of the Declaration all the more because now that we ourselves live in a time of peril we can understand their danger and their courage.
0062. The balance of power among the classes remains fairly equal during the eighteenth century in England. At the close of the eighteenth century the whole balance is rudely disturbed by the industrial revolution, which results not only in a financial tyranny stronger than that of the landowners, but also in the inhuman condition of mines and factories which took so long to reform.
0063. A study of human history and prehistory shows that there has been a wonderful development of ethics and of religion. There is no satisfactory evidence that these were handed down from heaven in perfect form, but there is abundant evidence that they, in common with all other things, have been evolving and that this process has not yet come to an end. Some of the ethical codes and religious practices current today will probably be considered barbarous in times to come.
0064. What we teach ourselves becomes much more a part of our being than what we learn from others. Education does not end when we leave school; it has indeed scarcely begun. It goes on through life. "How well it would be, "said Seneca, "if men would but exercise their brains as they do their bodies, and take as much pains for virtue as they do for pleasure."
0065. The first flowers of spring cannot arrive too soon. A solitary crocus in March will arouse more comment and lift more winter-beaten spirits than a basketful of roses a little later. This is not because the crocus is more beautiful nor more brilliant than the rose, but because the crocus pops into view first. A crocus in July would cause no excitement at all. (pop=come suddenly)
0066. Happy is the man that loves flowers. It is a matter of gratitude that this gift of Providence is the most profusely given. Flowers can not be monopolized. The poor can have them as much as the rich. It does not require such an education to love and appreciate them as it would to admire a picture of Turner's or a statue of Michelangelo's.
0067. I wonder if the mirror isn't the world's worst invention. The optimist looks into a mirror and becomes too optimistic, the pessimist too pessimistic. Thus mirrors increase conceit or destroy confidence. Far better is seeing ourselves as reflected in the expressions on the faces of people we meet during the day. The way you look to others is apt to be nearer the truth than the way you may look to yourself.
0068. A lack of raw materials and industrial experience handicapped Japanese industry at the beginning of the Meiji period; and many European and American economists thought that it was not possible for Japan to compete with cheap
labour of China and India on the one hand and the efficient production of Western countries on the other.
0069. Do not be trouble because you have not great virtues. God made a million leaves of grass where he made one tree. The earth is carpeted, not with forests, but with grasses. Only have enough of little virtues, and you need not mourn because you are neither a hero nor a saint.
0070. The story of scientific discovery shows on the one hand unceasing labour in the search for truth, and, on the other, the application of the fruits of this labour to the achievement of man's desires. We see how he has gained more and more control over the materials he sees around him, so that not only metallic ores, coal, and wood, but the sea, and the air, are now made to yield a wealth of substances unknown to his forefathers.
0071. He would linger by the wayside, and follow the carriages with his eyes as they rattled downward by the river. It did not matter what it was; everything that went that way, were it cloud or carriage, bird or brown water in the stream, he felt his heart flow out after it in an ecstasy of Longing.
0072. The best teacher in the best college in the world cannot give a student an education. He can lead the way to the mine from which it can be dug, provide him with the proper tools, and show him how to use them. He can encourage him when disheartened, and spur him to more vigorous effort, but the student will own only so much of the precious metal as he digs for himself.
0073. Civilization has to1 do with the environment in which we live. Culture is concerned with life itself and the way it is lived. The contrast is not absolute. The two things are never completely separable. You cannot have a civilization with no culture, nor can you have a culture without some civilization.
0074. Of all men he is least capable of understanding his fellows. At home he is a little tyrant. His wife despises him in her heart. His son runs a bit wild-a very understandable reaction. But the moralist does not understand this. He does not try to find out why. He cannot put himself in his son's place. He cannot know how his children feel and think. He does not want to know. Always uppermost is the idea that his son ought to obey and ought to follow the rule.
0075. I had always imagined Warsaw, I can't think why, as a greystoned medieval town clambering up a hill; a town of dark alleys and narrow, crowded, twisted streets. And here it was, flat as a pancake, widely spaced, and predominantly yellow in colour. This last was largely the effect of the evening sunlight and the dust, for it had been a stifling day with no rain to cool the air.
0076. I remember a party given by my aunt, in the course of which one of my little friends contrived to lock me in a cupboard during a game of hide-and-seek. And, to tell the truth, I was so glad to escape from the horrors of my own hospitality that I kept as quiet as a mouse for the best part of an hour, crouching on the floor of that camphor-smelling cupboard.
0077. It was a dark, stormy September night that an old woman
sat by her fire knitting. The fire was low, for it was more for the sake of company than warmth, and it formed an agreeable contrast to the wind which whistled round the house, bearing on its wings the sound of the waves as they came crashing ashore. "God help those at sea, tonight, "said the old woman devoutly, as a stronger gust than usual shook the house.
0078. The child whose parents are fond of him accepts their affection as a law of nature, He does not think very much about it, although it is of great importance to his happiness. He thinks about the world, about the adventures that come his way and the more marvellous adventures that will come his way when he is grown up. But behind all these external interests there is the feeling that he will be protected from disaster by parental affection.
0079. Sometimes you just can't return every thing you stole. Last week, a beggar was caught in the act of trying to steal a bunch of bananas from a fruit store and duly taken to police headquarters. After a few questions, officers found out that every bit of the man-except his skin and bones-was stolen property. They couldn't exactly strip him nude so they sent him to jail in a stolen shirt and trousers.
0080. Some people tell fine stones of the use of atomic energy in industry, and the economies which will result. Such economies, if the world remains politically what it is now, will do nothing but harm, since they will set free a greater part of human energy for the purpose of mutual destruction.
0081. Today the boy and girl on leaving school, have a much wider choice of occupations than could be had in earlier days. Parents and children alike are often bewildered by the
number of avenues which may be entered. The choice then is no light affair, no matter to be settled off-hand.
0082. None of us in the presence of Socrates could have safely indulged in our normal practice of using words without a precise idea of their meaning. If Socrates was alive today, he would be asking our politicians, journalists, and others what exactly they meant by liberty or democracy or a classless society, or by any other slogan or catchword of the moment. It is the misfortune of every nation that Socrates is not alive and has left no successors.
0083. Most of us say things about ourselves that we should not like to hear other people say about us. We say them in order that they may not be believed. In the same way some people find satisfaction in foretelling the probability their early death. They like to have the assurance that that event is as remote as it is undesirable.
0084. It was not until the shadow of the forest had crept far across the lake and the darkening waters were still that we rose reluctantly to put dishes in the basket and start on our homeward journey. The reddish fires of the sunset were dying down behind us, the mist stealing, ghostlike, into the valleys below: in the sky appeared a silvery moon, which presently turned to gold.
0085. It was not until the shadow of the forest had crept far across the lake and the darkening waters were still that we rose reluctantly to put dishes in the basket and start on our homeward journey. The reddish fires of the sunset were dying down behind us, the mist stealing, ghostlike, into the valleys below: in the sky appeared a silvery moon, which presently
turned to gold.
0086. The January wind has a hundred voices. It can scream, it can whisper, and it can sing a lullaby. It can roar through the leafless oaks and shout down the hillside, and it can whistle down a chimney and set the hearth flames to dancing. On a sunny day it can pause in a sheltered spot and breathe a promise of spring and violets. In the cold of a lonely night it can rattle the windows and stay there muttering of ice and deep-frozen ponds, (a lullaby a cradle-song)
0087. My political ideal is democracy. Everyone should be respected as an individual, but no one idolized. Full well do I know that in order to attain any definite goal it is necessary that one person should do the thinking and commanding and carry most of the responsibility. But those who are led should not be driven, and they should be allowed to choose their leader.
0088. Morality is the weapon which society in the struggle for existence uses in its dealings with the individual. Society rewards those actions and praises those qualities which are necessary to its survival. The office of morality is to persuade the individual that what is of benefit to society is of benefit to him.
0089. A couple of weeks ago a broken bone in my foot made it necessary for me to limp around with a stick for several days. What was pleasant about this otherwise painful experience was the way I was treated by everyone. People opened doors for me, helped me into cabs, gave me room in elevators. Their consideration made it a temptation to keep the stick longer than I need to have. My spirit blossomed under this kind public treatment.
0090. A shy man's troubles are always very amusing to other people; and have afforded material for comic writing from time immemorial. But if we look a little deeper, we shall find there is a pathetic, one might almost say a tragic, side to the picture. A shy man means a lonely man-a man cut off from all companionship, all sociability.
0091. Unequalled in so many other ways, William Shakespeare has no rival in the extent and depth of his influence on the English language. The greatness of this influence does not consist in the number of new words which he added to the literary vocabulary but in the multitude of phrases derived from his. writings which have entered into literary language and daily conversation.
0092. All my legal liberties turn out in practice to be as closely dependent on property as were the liberties of my medieval ancestors. The rich can buy large quantities of freedom; the poor must do without it even though, by law and theoretically, they have as good a right to just as much of it as have the rich.
0093. In any company there is always to be found one whose pride it is that he is different from his fellows. He is, we are to understand, a being apart. However various and conflicting the views of others may be, he certainly will agree with none of them. Carrying to its final extreme the doctrine that the majority is always wrong, he is never happy unless he is in a minority of one.
0094. The decline of the village is one of the tragedies of English history, no less tragic because it is largely unrecognized. Now
that this decline is being stopped, and there are prospects of revival, it is essential to comprehend the new situation and to revive the village in a manner that is consistent with modern conditions and trends.
0095. If we were asked to define what we mean by science we might not agree on every point; but we think of it as following the method and spirit that are most familiar in the "natural"sciences, that is, as based on observation, on experiment, and on the testing of hypotheses by strict reasoning, very often of a mathematical character.
0096. The coming of the clock must have caused a great if gradual change in the social life of England. Its effects must have been felt in matters as widely separated as the keeping of a private engagement and the launching of a military attack. The watching of the heavens gave way to the watching of the dial and the hands.
0097. Philosophy, said Plato, begins in wonder. The child who wonders why her wax doll shuts its eyes, or her kitten wags its tail, has already set forward on the path that leads to philosophy and science. The differences among us the distinguish learned from ignorant depend merely upon how far we have carried our wonder; whether we are content to accept superficial answers, or still find our wonder unsatisfied, and press on with a new question as soon as our first is answered.
0098. I would not claim for a moment that those years I spent at that hospital as a doctor gave me a complete knowledge of human nature. I do not suppose anyone can hope to have that. I have been studying it, consciously or unconsciously, for
forty years and I still find men unaccountable; people I know intimately can surprise me by some action of which I never thought them capable.
0099. Democracy is, historically speaking, something very recent. It is first of all the belief that individual human beings are what matter most-more than the State, or the total of national wealth, or any-thing else whatever. Then it is the belief in equality, not in the sense that everybody is alike or equally gifted, which obviously untrue, but in the sense that everyone should have certain basic opportunities.
0100. Towards the end of autumn, the servant declared herself ill, and at twenty-four hours' notice quitted the house. As a matter of fact, she had received no wages for several months; the kindness with which she was otherwise treated had kept her at her post thus long, but she feared the possible increase of work in future, and preferred to go off unpaid.
공무원 어휘, 영어 어원(Etymology) #06
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