A
abandon : relinquish, leave, desert, quit, forsake : 버리다, 포기하다
abate : reduce, let up, decrease, diminish, lessen : 줄다, 감소시키다
abbreviate : shorten, curtail, brief, truncate, abridge : 생략하다, 줄이다.
abhor : hate, detest, loathe : 혐오하다
abide : remain, sojourn, reside, inhabit : 머무르다, 버티다
abject : humiliating, contemptible, base, mean : 비열한, 비굴한
abolish : annul, nullify, revoke : 없애다, 폐지하다
abound : teem, swarm : 풍부하다
abreast : alongside : 나란히, 병행하여
abrupt : sudden, hasty : 뜻밖의, 갑작스런
absent-minded: oblivious, inattentive : 얼빠진, 방심상태의
absolute : complete, perfect : 확실한
absorb : swallow, engulf : 흡수하다, 열중케하다
abstract : theoretical, unpracticed : 추상적인, 난해한
absurd : ridiculous, foolish, stupid : 불합리한, 어리석은
abundance : plenty, profusion : 유복, 풍부
abuse : misuse, maltreat, ill-use, reproach, slander : 남용하다, 욕하다
accelerate* : hurry, speed, hasten, quicken, speed up, expedite : 가속하다, 빠르게 하다
accept : admit, approve, acknowledge : 받아들이다
access : approach : 접근
accidental : casual, contingent : 우연히, 뜻하지 않게
accommodate: suit, fit, adapt, hold, contain : 수용하다
accompany : escort, convoy : 동반하다
accomplish : fulfill, complete, achieve, execute : 이루다, 완성하다
accord : agree, assent, concur : 일치하다, 적응시키다
account : explanation, exposition : 계산, 평가, 설명
accurate : correct, precise : 정확한
accuse : indict, charge, impeach, blame : 비난하다, 고발하다
accustomed : customary, habitual, wont : 익숙한
achieve : accomplish, effect, perform : 이루다, 성취하다
acid : sour, biting : 신, 산성의
acknowledge : admit, confess, own : (~이 사실임을) 인정하다
acquaintance : associate, companion : 아는 사람, 아는 사이
acquire : gain, win, earn, secure : 얻다, 배우다
actual : tangible, definite, genuine : 현실의
acute : pointed, sharp, intense, poignant, severe, fierce, violent, keen, shrewd : 날카로운,예리한
adapt : suit, adjust, fit : 적응시키다
address : 1. residence, abode : 주소
2. speech, lecture, discourse : 인사말, 강연
adequate : sufficient, suitable : 충분한
adhere : stick, cleave, cling : 들러붙다, 부착하다
adjourn : suspend, postpone, defer, delay : 연기하다
adjust : fit, adapt, suit : 조절하다
administer : manage, conduct, execute, direct, supervise : 관리하다
admirable : praiseworthy, fine, excellent : 칭찬할만한, 훌륭한
admire : esteem, revere : 감탄하다
admit : acknowledge, own, confess, receive : 허락하다
adore : worship, esteem, revere : 숭배하다
adorn* : decorate, beautify, ornament : 꾸미다
advance : improve, progress, propose, offer : 나아가다, 진보하다
advantage : benefit, profit, behalf : 유리, 우월
adversary : antagonist, opponent, enemy, foe : 적, 상대자
adversity : calamity, catastrophe, disaster, misfortune : 불행, 역경, 재난
advocate : support, argue for, speak for : 주창자, 대변자
affect : 1. influence, impress, touch, stir : ~에 영향을 미치다
2. pretend, feign, assume : ~인 체하다
affectation : airs, pretense : ~인 체함, 가장
affection : attachment, amity, love : 애정, 호의
affluent : rich, opulent, abundant : 풍족한, 부유한
affront : offend, insult, abuse : 모욕하다
aggregate : assemble, collect, accumulate, gather : 집합하다, 모이다
aggressive : offensive, assaulting, militant : 침략적인, 적극적인
agile : quick, light, nimble : 민첩한, 재빠른
agree : assent, consent, accede, concede, comply : 동의, 일치하다
ailing : sick, ill, unwell : 병든
aim : direct, point : 겨누다, 겨냥하다
alarm : fright, terror, panic, dismay : 놀람, 공포, 경보
alert : attentive, vigilant, watchful, wary, heedful : 경계하는
alien : strange, foreign : 외국의
allege : declare, affirm, assert : 단언하다, 주장하다
alleviate : ease, lessen, abate : 덜다, 완화하다
alliance : association, partnership, affiliation, union : 결연, 동맹
allot : divide, distribute, assign, allocate : 할당하다, 분배하다
allow : permit, grant : 허락하다
ally : align, confederate, join, combine, affiliate, conjoin : 동맹, 결연하다
alter : modify, change, vary : 바꾸다, 변경하다
alternate : interchange, occur successively : 교체하다, 번갈아하는
alternative : choice, option : 양자택일의
altitude : height, elevation : 높이, 고도
amass* : collect, gather, accumulate : 쌓다, 모이다
amaze : astound, surprise, astonish : 몹시 놀라게 하다
ambiguous : unclear, vague : 모호한, 확실하지 않은
amiable : kind, friendly, amicable : 붙임성 있는, 귀여운
ample : large, spacious, vast, great : 넓은, 충분한
amplify : enlarge, expand, magnify : ~을 확대하다
amuse : entertain, please, cheer : 즐겁게하다
ancestor : forefather ; (Ant) descendant : 선조, 조상
anchor : fix, secure, fasten : 닻으로 고정시키다
ancient : old, aged, antique, antiquate : 옛날의, 고전의
anger : resentment, wrath, fury, indignation, rage : 노여움, 성남
angry : indignant, resentful, irate : 성난, 노한
anguish : pain, pang, suffering, agony : 격통, 고뇌
annihilate* : remove, clear, abolish, liquidate, erase, exterminate, obliterate, eradicate : 전멸, 폐지
announce : proclaim, publish, declare : 알리다, 공고하다
annoy : harass, bother, worry, trouble : 괴롭히다
anonymous* : unnamed, unsigned : 익명의, 작자불명의
antagonist : opponent, adversary : 적대자, 경쟁자
antagonize* : counteract : 대항하다
anticipate : foresee, forecast : 예견하다
antipathy : dislike, disgust, hatred ; (Ant) sympathy : 반감, 혐오
apathetic : indifferent, unconcerned, uninterested : 무감각한, 냉담한
apex : tip, summit, zenith, acme, climax : 꼭대기, 정점, 절정
appall : frighten, horrify, terrify, shock : 오싹하게 하다
apparel : clothes, dress, garb, attire, costume : 옷을 입히다
apparent : plain, clear, evident, obvious, conspicuous, manifest : 명백한, 분명한, 겉모양만의
appeal : entreaty, request, petition : 애원하다, 호소하다
appease : pacify, quiet, soothe, calm, tranquilize : 달래다, 진정시키다
appendix : supplement, adjunct : 부록, 추가
applause : acclamation, acclaim : 박수갈채
appliance : instrument, apparatus, device, tool : 기구, 장치
apply : use, employ, utilize : 알맞다, 적용하다
appoint : nominate, name, designate : 지명하다, 임명하다
apportion : divide, allot, assign, allocate : 배분하다
appreciate : value, estimate : 진가를 인정하다
apprehension: anxiety, misgiving : 우려, 염려
appropriate : suitable, proper, assign, apportion, allocate : 적당한, 충당하다
apt : 1. inclined, disposed, prone, liable, likely : ~하기 쉬운
2. proper, appropriate, correct : 적당한
aptly* : appropriately : 적절히
aptitude : aptness, fitness, suitability : 적성, 적절함
archaic : ancient, antiquated, antique : 고풍의
ardent : passionate, fervent, intense, eager, enthusiastic : 불타는, 타오르는
ardor : eagerness, zeal, passion, enthusiasm : 열정, 열심
argue : debate, discuss, dispute : 논하다, 설득하다
arouse : animate, awaken, excite, incite, stimulate : 깨우다, 자극하다
arrange : order, array : 가지런히 하다, 배열하다
arrogant : haughty, insolent, overbearing : 거만한, 오만한
arrest : seize, apprehend, capture : 체포하다, 검거하다
ascend : mount, soar, arise : 오르다, 올라가다
ascertain : determine, settle, discover : ~을 확인하다, 조사하다
aspect : appearance, look, countenance : 용모, 생김새
aspire : desire, long, yearn : 열망하다
assail : assault, attack : 맹렬히 공격하다
assassinate : murder, kill, slay : 암살하다
assemble : gather, congregate, collect, convene : 모으다, 집합하다
assembly : congress, legislature, parliament, diet : 의회, 하원
assent : accede, consent : 동의하다, 찬성하다
assess* : estimate, calculate, evaluate, appraise : 평가하다, 사정하다
assign : distribute, allot : 할당하다, 배당하다
associate : join, affiliate, unite, combine : 연합시키다, 참가시키다
assort : separate, classify, group, sort, categorize : 분류하다
assume : 1. undertake 2. pretend, affect : 맡다, 책임지다 /
assure : convince : 보증하다, 확실하게 하다
astonish : amaze, surprise, astound, shock, startle, daze, stun : 깜짝 놀라게 하다
attach : fasten, affix, join, annex : 붙이다, 접착하다
attachment : affection : 부착, 부착물
attain : 1. reach : 도달하다
2. acquire, procure, win : 달성하다
attempt : try, seek : 시도하다
attend : wait on, serve : 시중들다, 간호하다
attentive : heedful, alert, watchful, careful : 주의 깊은
attire* : clothing : 차려 입히다, 옷차림새
attitude : position, bearing, pose : 태도, 자세
attract : draw, allure, charm : 유인하다, 매혹하다
authority : power : 권위, 권력
authorize : empower, allow, permit, let : 권한을 부여하다
auxiliary : subsidiary, subordinate, additional : 보조의 부가의
available : usable : 쓸모있는
avenge : revenge : 복수하다, 원수갚다
average : mean, median : 평균, 표준
avid : greedy, avaricious, desirous, acquisitive, covetous : 욕심많은, 탐욕스런
avoid : shun, evade, escape, elude : 피하다, 회피하다
aware : conscious : 의식이 있는, 알아차리는
awe : wonder, amazement : 두려움, 경외
awkward : clumsy, unskillful : 어색한, 꼴사나운
B
ban : forbid, inhibit, prohibit, enjoin, outlaw, proscribe, disallow, interdict : 금지령, 금지하다
banish : expel, exile, deport : (국외로) 추방하다
bar : hinder, obstruct, deter, stop, impede : 막대기, 창살, 법정
barbarian : savage, primitive, barbaric, barbarous : 야만인, 미개인
bare : naked, nude, exposed : 발가벗은, 속이 빈
bargain : contract, trade, sell : 매매, 싼 물건
barren : sterile, infertile, unproductive : 불모의, 새끼를 낳지 못하는
barrier : bar, obstruction, barricade, obstacle : 장벽, 울타리
barter : trade, exchange : 교환하다, 교역하다
base : mean, degraded : 기초, 근거, 천한
beam : shine, gleam, glitter, radiate : 들보, 광선, 빛나다
bear : carry, transport, convey : 운반하다, 지탱하다, 견디다
bearing : manner, behavior, conduct : 태도, 관계
becoming : attractive, comely, suitable, appropriate : 어울리는, 적당한
beg : entreat, crave, implore, beseech, petition, request : 구걸하다, 부탁하다
behave : conduct : 행동하다
bend : curve, crook, bow : 구부리다, 굽히다
beneficial : helpful, profitable, advantageous : 유익한, 이로운
benevolent : kind, humane, tender, generous : 인자한
betray : be unfaithful to, be a traitor to : 배반하다
bewilder : confuse, perplex, puzzle : 당황하게 하다
bias* : prejudice : 성향, 경향
bid : command, order, direct : 명령하다
bind : band, bond, tie, fasten : 묶다, 둘러 감다
bite : gnaw, chew : 물다
bitter : harsh, acrid, biting : 쓴, 쓰라린, 지독한
blame : reproach, censure, condemn, disapprove : 나무라다, 비난하다
blast : explosion, outburst, burst : 한줄기 강한 바람, 폭풍
blaze : flame : 불꽃, 섬광
blemish : stain, defect, speck : 흠, 결점
blend : mingle, mix : 섞다
blind : sightless : 눈이 먼
blink : wink, twinkle : 깜빡거리다, 깜작이다
block : obstacle, blocking, blockade : 받침대, 장애물
bloody : cruel, ruthless : 잔인한, 피가 나는
blow : shock, calamity, disaster : 강타, 타격
blunt : dull ; (Ant) sharp : 무딘, 둔한
boast : brag, swagger : 자랑하다
bold : courageous, daring, valiant : 대담한
bond : union : 연맹
bondage : slavery, confinement : 노예의
boom* : flourish, thrive, prosper : 쿵하고 울리다
bore : weary, tire : 구멍을 뚫다
bother : annoy, worry, trouble, harass, disturb : 걱정하다, 근심하다
bound : boundary, border, limit, precinct : 경계, 한계
boundary : edge : 경계(선)
bow : stoop, bend, yield, submit : 구부리다, 굽히다
brain : intellect : 두뇌, 지력
brave : courageous, gallant, dauntless, bold : 용감한
bravery : boldness, courage, daring : 용감
break : shatter, batter, destroy : 깨뜨리다, 부수다
breed : create, generate, raise, rear, nurture : 양육하다, 기르다
brief : short, transitory, transient, temporary : 잠시의, 짧은
bright : radiant, glowing, beaming, brilliant : 빛나는, 영리한
brisk : active, lively, energetic : 활기있는
broad : wide, extensive, vast, spacious : 폭이 넓은
brood : dwell on, ponder, meditate : 골똘히 생각하다
brook : stream : 시내, 개천
brutal : savage, cruel, inhuman, ruthless, barbarous : 야수적인, 잔인한
brute : beast, animal : 짐승
burden : load : 무거운짐
burst : explode, blow up : 폭발하다, 터지다
bury : entomb, hide : 파묻다, 매장하다
C
calamity : tragedy, disaster, catastrophe, cataclysm : 재난, 불행
calculate : count, figure, reckon, compute : 계산하다, 추정하다
cancel : annul, revoke : 최소, 중지하다
candid : frank, open, outspoken : 솔직한
capacious : spacious, roomy : 널찍한, 큼지막한
capacity : 1. magnitude, dimensions 2. ability : 용적, 수용력, 자격
capital : principal, chief, prime, primary, major, leading : 주요한, 수도, 대문자
captivate : charm, enthrall, enchant, fascinate : 마음을 사로잡다, 매혹하다
captivity : bondage, confinement : 포로
capture : seize, catch, snare : 사로잡다, 포획
careful : cautious, watchful, vigilant, discreet, prudent : 조심성있는, 주의깊은
careless : heedless, reckless, indiscreet : 부주의한, 무관심한
cargo : freight, load, burden : 뱃짐, 화물
carriage : vehicle, conveyance : 탈 것, 차
carry : convey, transport, transfer : 나르다, 전하다
cast : throw, fling, hurl, pitch : 던지다
casual : unexpected : 우연의, 무관심한, 무심결의
catastrophe : disaster, mishap, calamity, misfortune : 대이변, 큰재앙
cease : stop, terminate : 그치다, 그만두다
celebrate : observe, commemorate : 축하하다, 찬양하다
celebrated : famous, renowned, well-known, distinguished : 유명한, 저명한
celebrity : a famous person, hero, notable : 명성
celestial* : heavenly : 하늘의, 천재의
change : alter, turn, transform, vary : 바꾸다, 변하다
character : feature, trait, characteristic : 특성, 성격, 인물, 문자
charge : load : 채우다, 짐을 지우다
charitable : generous, benign, kind : 자비로운
cheat : deceive, defraud, trick, delude : 속이다
check : study, examination, inspection, stop : 저지하다, 조사하다, 대조, 검사
cheer : inspirit, animate, encourage : 격려, 환호, 갈채
cheerful : gay, joyful, buoyant, jolly : 쾌활한
cherish : treasure : 소중히 하다, 품다
chill : cold, coldness : 냉기, 냉담한
chop : cut, mince : 자르다, 찍다
chronic : habitual, confirmed : 만성의, 장기간에 걸친
civil : polite, courteous, civilized : 일반 시민의
claim : demand, request, requirement : 요구하다, 청구하다
clash : collide : 땡땡울리는 종소리, 출동
clasp : grasp, grip, clutch : 걸쇠, 버클
clean : unstained, clear, pure : 청결한, 깨끗한
cleanse : clean, purify : 청결하게 하다, 깨끗이 하다
clear : distinct, evident, plain, obvious, apparent, manifest : 분명한, 뚜렷한, 맑은
clever : smart, intelligent, ingenious : 영리한, 현명한
climb : mount, ascend, scale : (산 따위에) 오르다
clumsy : awkward : 서투른, 어색한
coarse : crude, rude, rough : 조잡한, 거친
coax : cajole, persuade : 감언, 달콤한 말을 하다
cohere : stick, cling, adhere, bond, cleave : 밀착하다, 결합하다
cohesion* : bond, adhesion : 점착, 결합
collect : assemble, amass, accumulate, aggregate : 모으다, 수집하다
column : pillar : 기둥, 원주
combat : struggle, fight, battle : 전투, 논쟁
combination : conjunction, association, union : 결합, 연합
combine : unite, join, associate, incorporate : 결합시키다
comfort : soothe, console, solace : 위로, 위안, 편안함
command : order, bid, instruct : 명령하다
commence : begin, start, originate : 시작하다
commend : entrust, laud, praise, exalt, applaud : 추천하다, 칭찬하다
communicate: transmit, convey : 전달하다, 통보하다
compact : tightly, packed : 빽빽하게 찬, 치밀한
companion : associate, partner, fellow, mate : 동료, 동반자
company : companionship, society : 회사, 조합
comparable : similar, equivalent, like, uniform, analogous, alike : 유사한
compassion : pity, sympathy, mercy : 동정
compel : force, impel : 강요하다, 억지로 ~시키다
compensate : atone : 보상하다, 갚다
compete : contend, vie, rival : 경쟁하다, 겨루다
competent : qualified, capable, proficient : 유능한
complain : grumble : 불평하다
complex : compound, complicated : 복잡한, 어려운
comply : acquiesce, conform, consent, accede : 동의하다
component* : element, ingredient : 성분, 구성요소
composed : calm, tranquil : 마음이 가라앉은
comprehend : understand, grasp, discern, perceive : 이해할 수 있는
comprehensive: inclusive, broad, extensive, sweeping : 포괄적인, 넓은
compress : condense, squeeze : 압축하다
compulsory : compelled, binding : 강제적인, 의무적인
conceal : hide, bury : 숨김, 은폐
conceit : vanity, complacency ; (Ant) humility, modesty : 자만, 자부심
conceive : understand, apprehend, comprehend : 이해하다, 생각하다
concentrate : focus, intensify : 집중하다, 한점에 모으다
conciseness : brevity : 간결
condemn : blame, censure : 비난하다
condense : compress, concentrate : 요약하다, 압축하다
condition : state, situation, circumstance : 상태
conduct : behavior, demeanor, manner, bearing : 행동하다, 이끌다, 안내하다
confer : bestow, give, donate, grant : 수여하다, 주다
conference : meeting, convention : 협의, 회의
confess : acknowledge, avow, own, admit, concede : 자백하다, 고백하다
confidence : trust, belief, faith, reliance : 신임, 신용
confident : certain, convinced : 확신하는, 자신만만한
confine : enclose, imprison : 한정하다, 가두다
confirm : assure : 확실하게 하다
conflict : collide, clash, contend, fight, combat : 투쟁, 전투
conform : comply, yield, agree, assent : 따르게 하다, 순응하다
confuse : disturb, confound, perplex, bewilder : 혼동하다, 어리둥절하게 하다
congress : meeting, assembly, conference : 국회, 대회
conquer : defeat, master, beat ; (Ant) surrender, submit : 정복하다, 억누르다
conscientious : just, upright, honest : 양심적인, 성실한
conscious : aware : 의식하고 있는
consequence : effect, result, outcome : 결과
consider : contemplate, meditate, reflect, ponder : ~라 생각하다, 숙고하다
considerate : thoughtful, charitable : 이해심있는
consistent : compatible, harmonious : 일관된, 언행이 일치된
console : comfort, solace, soothe : 위로하다, 위문하다
consort* : associate, fraternize, agree : 배우자, 동료
conspicuous* : prominent, manifest, plain, apparent : 확실히 보이는, 뚜렷한
constant : invariable, uniform, stable, unchanging : 불변의, 끊임없는
constrain : compel, coerce : 억지로 ~시키다, 강요하다
constrict : compress, contract : 압축하다, 죄다
consult : confer : 의견을 무다
consume : expend, exhaust : 다 써버리다, 소모하다
contagious : communicable, infectious : 전염성있는 (접촉에 의한)
contain : hold, accommodate, include : 포함하다
contaminate : pollute, stain, corrupt : 오염시키다
contemplate : consider, reflect, ponder, meditate : 심사숙고하다, 응시하다
contemporary: coexisting : ~와 같은 시대의, 현대의
contempt : scorn, disdain : 경멸, 멸시
contemptible : mean, abject, base : 경멸할만한
contemptuous: scornful, sneering : 사람을 얕잡아보는
contend : struggle, strive, fight, battle, combat, compete : 다투다, 강력히 주장하다
content : satisfied, contented : 만족하여
contest : struggle, conflict, battle, combat, fight : 경쟁, 논쟁
continual : incessant, ceaseless : 계속적인, 빈번한
contract : compact, bargain : 계약
contradictory: opposing, paradoxical, inconsistent, contrary : 모순된
contrast : comparison : 대조
contrive : devise, invent, design : 고안하다, 연구하다
control : dominate, govern, rule, reign : 지배, 억제
controversy : dispute, debate : 논쟁, 논의
convenient : handy : 편리한, 손쉬운
converse : opposite, reverse : 반대, 역
convert : change, transform : 전환하다
convey : carry, transport, transmit : 운송하다
convince : persuade : ~에게 납득시키다
core* : center, heart : 핵심
corpse : body : 시체
correct : amend, remedy, cure : 바로잡다, 교정하다
correspond : conform, accord, match : 일치하다, 부합하다
corrupt : rotten, spoiled : 타락한, 부정한
count : matter, weigh, signify : ~라고 생각하다
courteous : civil, polite, well-mannered : 예의바른, 정중한
cowardly : craven, afraid, timid : 겁많은, 소심한
crack : break, snap, split : 깨뜨리다
craft : skill, ingenuity : 기능, 솜씨
crash : shatter, smash : 산산히 부수다
crazy : insane, lunatic, mad : 미친
credit : belief, trust, confidence, faith, reliance : 신용
creditable : reputable, honorable : 명예로운, 신용할수 있는
credulous : gullible : 쉽게 믿는, 경솔한
crime : offense, sin, felony : 죄, 범죄
criminal : convict, sinner, culprit, offender : 범죄의, 형사상의
cripple : disable, maim, ruin : 불구가 되다, 무능한
crisis : emergency : 위기, 전환기
critic : reviewer, judge : 비평가, 평론가
critical : crucial, momentous, important, dangerous, perilous, hazardous : 비판적인 / 위독한
crop : harvest, produce, yield : 수확, 작물
crowd : throng, multitude, swarm, herd : 군중, 많은 사람
crucial* : 1. decisive, conclusive, determinative, deciding. : 결정적인
2. critical, desperate, acute : 호된, 괴로운
crude : unrefined, raw : 가공하지 않은
cruel : barbarous, ferocious : 잔혹한, 잔인한
crush : shatter, smash, crumble : 짓밟다, 뭉개다
cumbersome*: awkward, bulky, clumsy, inconvenient : 다루기 힘든, 버거운
cunning : tricky, sly : 교활한, 약삭빠른
cure : remedy : 치료
curious : inquisitive, interested : 호기심 있는
current : prevailing, prevalent, common, popular : 통용되는
curse : damn, imprecate, anathematize, scourge : 저주하다, 괴롭히다
custody : imprisonment, confinement : 감금
customary* : habitual, accustomed, conventional : 관례적인
cut : divide, sever, chop : 자르다
cynical : sarcastic, satirical, sneering : 냉소적인, 비꼬는
D
damage : injury, harm, hurt, impairment : 손해, 피해
damp : moist, humid, wet : 축축한, 습기찬
danger : hazard, risk, peril, jeopardy : 위험
dare : venture, risk, challenge, defy : 감히 ~하다
daring : courageous, bold, brave, audacious, dauntless, valiant, gallant : 대담한, 용감한
dash : rush, dart, bolt : 내던지다, 돌진하다
dawn : daybreak : 새벽
dead : deceased, extinct, inanimate : 죽은
deadly : fatal, lethal, mortal : 치명적인
debate : discussion, argument, controversy, dispute : 논쟁하다, 토론하다
decadence : deterioration, decline : 타락
decay : deteriorate, decline : 부식하다, 쇄하다
deceit : fraud, deception, cheating : 사기, 책략
deceive : delude, cheat : 속이다, 기만하다
decent : right, proper, nice, pure, modest : 예절바른
decided : resolute, determined, final : 결정적인, 단호한
declare : announce, proclaim : 선언하다
decline : 1. refuse, reject : 거절하다
2. weaken, deteriorate, degenerate, decay : 쇠퇴하다
decrease : diminish, lessen, dwindle, abate : 줄다, 감소하다
defeat : conquer, overwhelm, subdue : 쳐부수다
defect : blemish, flaw, fault, shortcoming, weakness : 결점, 단점
defend : guard, shield, shelter, protect : 방어하다
definite : fixed, clear, express : 한정된, 명확한
defy : challenge : 도전하다
dejected : depressed, discouraged : 낙심한
deliberate : careful, thoughtful, cautious : 신중한
delicate : dainty, graceful, elegant : 섬세한, 가냘픈
delicacy : dainty, savory : 고움, 섬세, 민감
deliver : rescue, save : 해방시키다
deny : gainsay, contradict : 부인하다, 거절하다
depart : start, leave, quit : 출발하다
depict : represent, portray : 묘사하다, 서술하다
deplore : grieve, regret, lament, mourn : 비탄하다
deposit : save, store, entrust : 두다, 맡기다
depressed* : downcast, melancholy, gloomy : 우울한, 억압된
deprive : bereave, strip : 박탈하다, 거절하다
descent : falling, descending ; (Ant) ascent : 하강, 내리기
desert : abandon, forsake : 버리다
design : plan, devise, project, contrive : 계획
desolate : barren, ravaged : 황량한, 황폐한
despair : discouragement, disheartenment : 절망, 자포자기
desperate : hopeless, desolate, extreme, excessive : 절망적인 / 지독한
destiny : fate, doom : 운명
destitute : poor, devoid : 빈곤한
destroy : smash, demolish : 파괴하다
detain : confine, arrest, keep : 억류하다, 보류하다
detect* : spot, discern, discover : 발견하다
deviate : diverge, wander, stray : 빗나가다
device : plan, scheme, project, design : 고안, 계획
devise : contrive, invent, design : 고안하다, 발명하다
devout : pious, devoted, saintly : 헌신
dictate* : fix, impose, prescribe, ordain, decree : 명령하다, 지시하다
die : decease, perish, vanish : 없어지다, 희미해지다
diffuse* : spread, distribute, scatter, disperse : 발산하다, 퍼뜨리다
digest : absorb, imbibe, assimilate : 흡수하다, 섭취하다
dilemma : predicament, strait : 진퇴양란, 곤경
dim : obscure, faint : 모호한
diminish : lessen, reduce, decrease, shrink, abate : 감소시키다
dirty : foul, unclean, filthy : 더러운, 불결한
disadvantage : harm, damage, injury : 불리한, 손해되는
disappear : vanish, fade : 사라지다
disappoint : frustrate, baffle : 실망하다
disaster : calamity, mishap, catastrophe, adversity : 재난, 불운
discern : perceive, notice, discriminate, distinguish : 식별하다, 구별하다
discernible* : noticeable, detectable, observable, perceptible, perceivable : 식별력이 있는
disciple : pupil, student, scholar : 제자, 문하생
discipline : training, drill, exercise, practice : 훈련, 규율
disclose : reveal, divulge, unveil : 폭로하다, 드러내다
disconcert : disturb, bewilder, perplex, embarrass : 당황케 하다
discourage : dishearten, dispirit, depress : 용기를 잃게 하다, 낙담시키다
discreet : judicious, prudent, cautious, heedful, considerate : 분별있는
disdain : condemn, despise, scorn : 경멸, 모멸
disgrace : shame, dishonor : 수치스러운, 불명예스러운
disgust : sicken, nauseate : 혐오, 싫증
disgusting : offensive, sickening, nauseous, nauseating : 메스꺼운, 넌더리나는
dishonorable : disgraceful, shameful : 망신스러운
disinterested : unbiased, impartial, fair : 사심없는, 공정한
disloyal : unfaithful : 불성실한, 불충한
dismiss : discharge, fire, refuse, reject, decline : 해고하다, 내쫓다
disorder : mess, confusion, chaos : 무질서, 혼란, 난잡
disperse : scatter, dissipate, diffuse : 흩어지게 하다
displace : replace, remove : 바꾸어놓다, 옮겨놓다
dispute : argue, debate : 논쟁하다, 토의하다
disregard : ignore, neglect, overlook : 무시하다, 경시하다
dissent : differ, disagree : 의견을 달리하다
dissolve : melt : 용해하다
distinct : definite, clear, plain : 뚜렷한, 별개의
distinction : difference : 구별, 차이
distinguish : discriminate, differentiate : 구별하다
distinguished : marked, noted, eminent, famous, celebrated, renowned : 두드러진, 뛰어난
distress : pain, anxiety, agony, anguish : 괴롭히다, 고뇌
distribute : deal, allot, apportion, assign, dispense : 분배하다
disturbance : agitation, disorder, confusion, uproar : 소란, 소동, 방해
diverse : various, manifold : 다양한
doctrine : tenet, dogma, theory, principle : 교의, 교리, 주의
domain : area, field, territory, province, realm, arena : 영토
dominant : ruling, prevailing, prevalent : 지배적인, 우세한
donation : gift, contribution, offering : 기부, 기증
doom : fate, destiny, lot, ruin, death : 운명, 파멸
draw : drag, pull, tug, attract : 당기다, 끌다
dread : fear, awe : 무서워하다, 공포
dreary : gloomy, disma : 음울한, 황량한
drive : impel, compel, force : 억지로 ~하게 하다
dubious : doubtful : 수상쩍은, 모호한
dull : boring, tedious, uninteresting, blunt : 무딘, 둔한, 단조로운
dumb : mute, speechless : 벙어리의
durable* : lasting, enduring, constant, permanent : 오래 견디는, 튼튼한
dusky : dim, shadowy, cloudy, obscure : 어스레한, 어둑어둑한
duty : obligation : 의무, 임무
dwarf : pygmy ; (Ant) giant : 난쟁이
dwell : abide, reside, live, inhabit : 살다, 거주하다
E
earn : gain, acquire, win, obtain, secure, procure : 얻다, 일을 해서 벌다
earnest : sincere, ardent, eager : 성실한, 열심인
easy : facile, light : 쉬운, 수월한
ebb : subside, abate, recede, retire : 썰물, 쇠퇴, 쇠퇴기
economical : saving, thrifty, frugal : 경제적인, 이익이 남는
edge : border, margin, boundary, verge, brink : 가장자리, 변두리
effect : result, consequence, outcome, accomplish, achieve : 결과, 효과
effective : efficacious, efficient, effectual : 효과적인, 유효한
effort : endeavor, exertion, struggle, striving : 노력, 수고
egoism : selfishness : 이기주의, 자만심
elaborate* : detailed, intricate, complicated ; develop, expand, enlarge : 정교한 / 정성들여 만들다
elegant : tasteful, refined, polished, graceful : 우아한, 세련된
element : component, constituent, ingredient : 성분, 구성요소
elementary : primary, rudimentary, basic, fundamental : 기본의, 초보의
elevate : raise, lift, exalt, heighten, increase, enhance : 높이다, 향상시키다
eliminate : remove : 제거하다
elude : avoid, escape, evade, shun, dodge : 회피하다, 벗어나다
embarrass : confuse, perplex : 당황하게 하다
embed* : fix, fasten, root : 끼워넣다, 묻다
emerge : emanate, appear : 나타나다, 나오다
emergency : crisis : 비상사태
eminent : distinguished, prominent, renowned, outstanding : 탁월한, 뛰어난, 현저한
emit : discharge, shed, radiate : 내뿜다, 방사하다
emphatic : forcible, strong : 어조가 강한, 단호한
employ** : use, engage, hire : 쓰다, 고용하다
empower : authorize, warrant, enable, permit : ~에게 권한을 부여하다, 자격을 주다
empty : void, vacant, blank, unoccupied : 빈, 공허한
enchant : fascinate, captivate, charm : 요술을 걸다, 매혹하다
encircle : surround, encompass, enclose : 에워싸다, 둘러싸다
enclose* : surround, circle, beset, encompass, besiege, encircle, envelop, compass : 에워싸다
encounter : meet face : 만나다, 마주치다
encourage : hearten, stimulate : 용기를 붇돋우다
endeavor : effort, struggle, labor, exertion, essay : 노력, 노력하다, 시도하다
endow : confer, bestow, give : 재산을 기증하다
endowment : gift, capacity, talent : 기증, 기부
endure : sustain, bear, stand, tolerate : 견디다, 참다
enemy : foe, adversary, opponent, antagonist : 적, 원수
enlarge : extend, augment, amplify, magnify, expand : 크게하다
enlighten : illumine : 계몽하다, 가르치다
enliven : invigorate, animate : 생기를 주다
enormous : huge, immense, vast, mammoth, gigantic : 거대한, 막대한
enrage : anger, aggravate : 성나게 하다
ensue : follow, succeed : 뒤이어 일어나다 (~의 결과로)
entangle : complicate, involve : 뒤얽히게 하다
enterprising : ambitious, adventurous, energetic : 진취적인, 기상이 강한
entertain : divert, amuse, please : 대접하다, 위로하다
enthusiasm : eagerness, zeal, passion : 열광, 열중
enthusiastic : ardent, zealous, eager, passionate : 열심인, 열성적인
entitle : empower, qualify : ~에 제목을 붙이다, 자격을 주다
entity* : thing, individual, object : 실재, 존재물, 실체
envelop : surround, enclose : 싸다, 포위하다
envy : jealousy : 시기, 질투
equal : equivalent, alike : 같은, 동일한
equip : furnish, provide : ~에게 가르쳐주다
era* : time, period, age, epoch : 기원, 연대
erect : upright standing, vertical : 직립한, 수직의
erroneous : mistaken, incorrect, false : 잘못된, 틀린
error : mistake, blunder, slip : 실수, 오류
escape : flee, evade, avoid : 달아나다, 피하다
escort : convoy, guard, guide : 호위하다, 바래다주다
essential* : indispensable, vital, fundamental : 근본적인
establish : found, institute : 설립하다, 수립하다
esteem : prize, value, respect : 존경하다, 중히 여기다
estimate : judge, assess, value, evaluate, appraise : 평가하다, 판단하다
eternal : endless, everlasting, infinite, perpetual, ceaseless, permanent : 영원한, 불멸의
evade : escape, elude, shun : 교묘히 벗어나다, 모면하다
evaporate : vaporize : 증발, 탈수
even : level, flat, plane : 평평한, 같은 높이의
event : occurrence, happening, incident : 사건, 행사
eventually* : ultimately, finally, in time, in the long run : 드디어, 결국, 마침내
evident : plain, clear, obvious, manifest, apparent : 분명한, 명백한
evil : immoral, malicious : 나쁜, 사악한
examine : inspect, probe, investigate : 검사하다, 심문하다, 진찰하다
exceed : surpass, excel, outstrip : 넘다, ~보다 뛰어나다
excel : surpass, outdo, exceed : 우수, 탁월
excellent : fine, eminent : 우수한, 뛰어난
exceptional : unusual, extraordinary, abnormal : 예외적으로, 특별히
excessive : extreme : 과도한, 지나친
exchange : barter, interchange, swap : 교환하다, 바꾸다
excite : stir, arouse, stimulate, incite : 흥분시키다, 흥미를 돋우다
exclamation : outcry : 외침, 절규
exclude : expel : 배재하다, 몰아내다
exclusive : excluding : 배타적인, 독점적인
execute : perform, achieve : 실행, 수행
exert* : exercise, wield : 발휘하다, 힘을 쓰다
exhaust : expend, consume : 다 써버리다, 소모하다
exhibit : present, display, show, demonstrate : 진열하다, 내보이다
exorbitant* : extreme, excessive, undue, extravagant, immoderate, inordinate, expensive :과대한, 부당한
expand : extend, swell, enlarge : 넓히다, 확장하다
expect : anticipate, await : 기대하다, 예기하다
expel : oust, banish, exile : 추방하다, 쫓아버리다
expend : use, consume, spend, exhaust : 소비하다, 지출하다
expense : cost, charge, price, expenditure : 지출, 소비
expensive : costly, dear : 값비싼, 사치스러운
experiment : test, trial : 실험, 시도
expert : specialist, authority, master : 전문가, 숙련가
explain : elucidate, explicate, clarify : 설명하다, 해석하다
explicit : clear, unambiguous, definite ; (Ant) ambiguous : 명백한, 뚜렷한
exploit : feat, accomplishment : 위업, 업적
expose** : display, betray, reveal, uncover : 드러내다, 폭로하다
express : utter, state, manifest, reveal, represent : 말하다, 표시하다
extend* : 1. go, run, range : 움직이다
2. increase, grow, expand, enlarge, augment : 확대하다
3. stretch, lengthen, elongate, protract : 뻗다, 늘리다
extensive : wide, broad, spacious, vast : 폭넓은, 광대한
extent : space, scope, range, stretch : 범위, 넓이, 크기
exterior : outer, outside, external : 외부의, 표면의
exterminate : annihilate, destroy, eradicate, eliminate :근절시키다, 몰살하다
extinct : quenched, vanished : 멸종된, 단절된
extract : extort, derive : 추출하다, 짜내다
extraordinary: exceptional, inordinate, remarkable, unusual : 비상한, 비범한
extravagant : wasteful, prodigal ; (Ant) thrifty : 무절제, 낭비
extreme : ultimate, excessive, unreasonable : 극도의, 지나친
F
fable : legend : 우화, 신화, 전설
fabricate : make, build, produce, construct, assemble, manufacture : 제조하다
face : countenance, features : 얼굴, 외관
faculty : ability, capacity, aptitude : 능력, 재능
fade : wither, decline, decay : 사라지다, 쇠약해지다
failing : shortcoming, defect, flaw : 실패, 결점, 약점
faint : indistinct, dim, feeble : 희미한, 어렴풋한, 나약한
fair : unbiased, just, impartial, disinterested : 공평한, 공정한
faith : confidence, trust, credit : 신앙, 믿음
faithful : true, reliable, trustworthy : 충실한, 성실한
false* : erroneous, wrong : 잘못된, 그릇된
fame : reputation, renown, eminence, celebrity : 명성, 평판
familiar : intimate, close, friendly, amicable : 친한, 허물없는 익숙한
famous : celebrated, well-known, eminent, distinguished, illustrious : 유명한, 고급의
fancy : imagination, fantasy : 공상, 망상, 꿈
fascinate : charm, enchant, captivate, allure : 황홀하게 하다, 매혹시키다
fashion* : style, vogue, mode : 유행, 양식
1. make, produce, shape, frame, mold, create, fabricate : 모양짓다, 맞추다
2. fit, adjust, suit, adapt, accommodate, conform : 적응시키다
fast : quick, swift, rapid, fleet : 빠른, 신속한
fasten : fix, attach : 묶다, 고정하다
fat : plump, stout, obese : 살 찐, 지방의
fatal : deadly, mortal, lethal : 치명적인
fate : doom, lot, destiny : 운명, 죽음
fault : blemish, flaw, shortcoming : 잘못, 과실, 흠
favor : kindness, good-will : 호의, 친절한 행위
fear : apprehension, dread, terror, fright, horror, panic : 두려움, 공포
feasible* : possible, workable, practicable, viable : 실행할수 있는, 그럴싸한
feast : celebration, anniversary, ceremony : 종교상의 축제, 축연
feat : achievement, accomplishment, exploit : 위업, 공훈
feeble : weak, delicate, fragile, frail, unsubstantial : 연약한, 박약한
feed : nourish, sustain : 먹을 것을 주다
fertile : productive, fecund, fruitful : 비옥한, 풍부한
fervent : ardent, earnest, heated, hot, burning, zealous, passionate : 열정적인, 뜨거운
feud : hostility : 불화, 싸움
fidelity : loyalty, faithfulness, devotion : 애태우다, 안절부절하다
fierce : ferocious, wild, savage, cruel, brutal : 사나운, 지독한
fiery : fervent, burning, afire : 불같은, 열띤
fight : conflict, battle, war, combat : 싸움, 결투, 논쟁
final : ultimate, conclusive : 최후의, 궁극적인
financial : monetary, pecuniary : 재정상의, 금융상의
fine* : 1. delicate, elegant, exquisite : 세련된, 품위 있는
2. subtle, refined :
finish : end, terminate, conclude : 끝내다
firm : stable, steadfast, determined, reliable : 안정된, 고정된
fix : fasten, attach : 고정시키다, 정착시키다
flame : blaze, fire : 정열, 불길
flash : flame, flare, glare : 섬광, 현란한
flat : horizontal, level, even, plane : 평평한, 납작한
flexible* : plastic, adaptable, adjustable, pliable : 휘기쉬운, 나긋나긋한
flock : bevy, brood, school, swarm, herd, company : 무리, 떼, 군중
flood : deluge, overflow : 밀물
flourish* : thrive, prosper, succeed : 번영하다, 꽃피우다
flow : stream, run : 흐르다, 솟다
fluent : flowing : 유창한
foe : enemy, opponent, adversary, antagonist : 적, 경쟁자
fog : mist, haze : 안개, 흐림
follow : succeed, ensue : ~의 결과로 일어나다
food : provisions : 식량, 양식
foolish : silly, fatuous, stupid, dull : 바보같은, 미련한
forbid : inhibit, prohibit : 금하다, 불가능하게 하다
force : strength, power, might, energy : 힘, 세력
forecast : predict, foretell, foresee : 예보하다, 예상하다
foresight : forethought : 선견지명, 예지
formidable : dreadful, threatening, fearful, frightful : 무서운
foster : rear, breed, nourish, raise, promote : 기르다, 양육하다
foul : filthy, dirty, stained, polluted : 더러운, 지저분한
foundation : base, basis, ground : 기초, 토대
fragrant : perfumed : 향기로운, 냄새가 좋은
frame : make, produce, construct, assemble, shape, mold : 뼈대를 만들다, 짜맞추다
frank : candid, outspoken : 솔직한, 정직한
fraud : deceit, deception : 사기, 기만
free : liberate, release, emancipate : 자유
freight : cargo, shipment, load : 화물, 화물을 싣다
fright : dismay, terror, panic : 심한 공포, 경악
frighten : scare, terrify, alarm, dismay : 두렵게 하다
frightful : alarming, awful, horrible, gruesome : 무서운, 무시무시한
frugal : economical, thrifty : 검소한, 검약한
fruitless : futile, sterile, unproductive : 열매를 맺지않는, 무익한
frustrate : disappoint, thwart : 실망시키다
fume : smoke : 증기, 연기
fun : pleasure, amusement : 재미, 즐거움
fundamental*: basic, underlying, essential, primary : 기초적인, 근본적인
funny : amusing, diverting : 즐겁게하는, 재미있는
furnish : provide, supply : 공급하다, 마련해주다
fury : rage, anger, wrath : 격노, 격심
fuse : melt, dissolve : 녹이다, 융해시키다
futile : ineffective, useless, vain : 쓸데없는, 시시한
G
gaiety : mirth, glee, cheerfulness, joviality : 흥겨움, 유쾌, 화려
gain : obtain, secure, procure, acquire, attain, earn, win : 얻다, 획득하다
gallant : brave, valorous, valiant, intrepid, daring : 용감한
gang : band, clique : 한 떼, 패거리
gasp : pant : 헐떡거리다, 숨이 막히다
gather : collect, aggregate, assemble, muster : 모으다, 모이다
gathering : assembly, convocation, congregation : 모임, 집회
gay : joyous, gleeful, jovial, jolly, merry, cheerful : 명랑한, 쾌활한
gaze : stare : 뚫어지게 쳐다보다
generosity : charity, bountifulness : 관대, 관용
generous : bountiful, unselfish, charitable : 관대한, 아낌없이 주는
genial : sympathetic, cordial, friendly, kindly : 정다운, 온화한
gentle : clement, humane, lenient, merciful, meek, amiable : 온화한, 친절한
ghost : phantom, spirit : 유령, 원혼
gift : donation, present, contribution, offering, alms : 선물
gigantic : huge, enormous, tremendous, colossal, mammoth, monstrous, immense,
prodigious, titanic, vast : 거인같은, 거대한
give : deliver, bestow, impart, accord, furnish, provide, supply, confer, grant, assign : 주다
glad : delighted, pleased, elated : 기쁜, 즐거운
glance : glimpse : 흘긋보다, 일견
gleam : flash, beam, glimmer : 어스레한 빛, 미광
glee : exultation, merriment, hilarity : 기쁨, 환희
glide : slide, slip : 미끄러지다
gloomy : obscure, shadowy, dusky, dismal, depressed, dejected, dim, melancholy,
despondent, downcast : 어두운, 음울한
glory : praise, honor, distinction, renown, eminence, celebrity, fame : 영광, 영화
godly : pious, saintly, devout, holy : 믿음이 깊은, 경견한
good-will : benevolence, favor, kindness : 호의, 친선
govern : rule, reign : 다스리다, 통치하다
grace : gracefulness, elegance, refinement : 우아, 은총
gracious : benign, courteous, polite : 품위있는, 상냥한
grand : imposing, stately, august, majestic, dignified : 웅장한, 웅대한
grant : bestow, confer, award : 승인하다, 허가하다
grasp : seize, hold, clasp, grip, clutch, grab, catch : 붙잡다, 움켜잡다
grateful : appreciative, thankful, obliged : 고맙게 여기는, 사의를 표하는
gratify : satisfy : 만족시키다, 기쁘게 하다
grave : momentous, important, serious, consequential : 중대한, 근엄한
great : immense, enormous, huge, gigantic, vast, grand : 큰, 중대한
greed : avidity, avarice, covetousness : 탐욕, 큰 욕심
greedy : avaricious, desirous, covetous : 욕심많은, 대식하는
greet : accost, salute : 인사하다, 환영하다
grief : sorrow, woe, sadness : 큰 슬픔, 비탄
grieve : lament, mourn, sorrow, bewail : 몹시 슬퍼하다
grind : grate, rub : 갈아서 가루로 만들다
gross : bulky, massive, great : 거친, 커다란
grudge : malice, spite, malevolence : 원한, 인색하게 굴다
guarantee : insure, warrant : 보증, 담보
guard : protect, shield, defend, shelter : 지키다, 망보다
guess : conjecture, suppose, fancy : 추측하다
guide : lead, conduct, show, escort : 안내하다, 지도하다
guilty : criminal, culpable : 죄를 범한, 유죄의
guiltless : innocent, blameless, immaculate : 정직한, 솔직한
gush : spurt, spout : 분출, 세차게 흘러나오다
H
habitual* : usual, regular, customary, accustomed : 습관적인, 평소의
habituate : accustom, familiarize : 길들이다, 익숙하다
halt : stop, cease : 멈추다, 서다
hamper : impede, hinder, prevent, obstruct, restrain : 방해하다
hang : suspend, dangle : 걸다, 달아매다
happen : occur, befall : 일어나다, 생기다
harbor : accommodate, board, room, shelter, protection, cover, haven, sanctuary,
refuge, asylum : 항구
hard : solid, inflexible, unyielding : 굳은, 단단한
hardship : trial, oppression, suffering : 곤란, 결핍
hardy : vigorous, sturdy, robust, stout : 단련된, 튼튼한
harm : injury, damage, hurt, mischief, detriment : 손해, 해
harmony : agreement, concord, unity : 조화, 화음
harsh : rough, severe, austere : 거친, 가혹한
hasten : hurry, accelerate, urge, expedite, quicken : 서두르게 하다, 재촉하다
hate : detest, abhor, loathe : 미워하다, 싫어하다
hateful : detestable, abominable, loathsome, offensive : 미운, 지긋지긋한
hatred : aversion, hate, detestation : 증오, 미움
haughty : proud, arrogant : 오만한, 거만한
hazard : danger, peril, jeopardy : 위험
heal : cure, remedy, amend : 고치다, 낫게 하다
heap : mass, stack, pile, accumulation : 더미, 무더기, 많음
heavy : weighty, demanding, burdensome : 무거운, 대량의
helpful : useful, advantageous, profitable : 도움이 되는, 유익한
heritage : inheritance : 상속재산
heroic : brave, courageous, dauntless, gallant : 영웅의, 용맹스러운
hide : conceal, screen, veil, shroud, cover : 숨기다, 감추다
hinder : interrupt, check, impede, hamper, obstruct : 방해하다, 저지하다
hint : suggestion, implication, allusion : 힌트, 암시
hoarse : husky : 목쉰, 쉰 목소리의
hoist : raise, elevate, lift : (기 등을)올리다, 감아올리기
hole : opening, cavity, hollow, pit : 구멍
homely : plain, simple, unattractive, ugly : 못생긴
honesty : uprightness, justice : 정직, 성실
honor : fame, repute, reputation : 명예, 영예
hopeless : desperate, despairing, despondent : 희망없는, 절망적인
horrible : terrible, dreadful, hideous, grim, ghastly : 무서운, 끔찍한
hostile : antagonistic : 적대적인
horror : fear, dread, panic : 공포, 전율
hostility : enmity, antagonism : 적의, 적대행위
huge : mammoth, vast, gigantic, colossal, immense : 거대한, 막대한
humane : merciful, benevolent, compassionate, charitable : 자비로운
humble : unassuming, meek, modest, unpretending : 겸손한, 비천한
humid : damp, moist : 습기있는, 눅눅한
humiliate : degrade, disgrace, shame : 굴욕감을 느끼게 하다, 창피주다
humility : meekness, humbleness, modesty : 겸손, 비하
humorous : funny, comical : 익살스러운
hunt : seek, scour : 사냥하다, 추적하다
hurt : injure, damage, mar, impair : 다치게 하다
hypocrite : pretender : 위선자
I
ideal* : 1. perfect, model, exemplary :
2. abstract, theoretical, hypothetical :
idiotic : foolish, stupid, fatuous : 바보의, 백치의
idle : indolent, lazy, slothful : 한가한, 게으른
ignoble : mean, base, degraded : 출신이 비천한
ignorant : illiterate, uneducated : 무식한, 무지한
ignore : overlook, disregard, neglect : 무시하다, 모르는 체하다
illegal : unlawful, illegitimate, illicit : 불법의, 비합리적인
illustration : explanation : 실례, 예증
imaginary : fanciful, visionary : 상상의, 가상의
imitate : mimic, mock, reproduce, copy, duplicate, replicate : 흉내내다, 모방하다, 닮다
immerse : submerge, dip, submerse : 담그다, 빠뜨리다
imminent : impending : 절박한, 촉박한
immoderate : excessive, extreme, exorbitant : 무절제한, 지나친
immoral : vicious, corrupt, amoral : 부도덕한, 음란한
impair : injure, deteriorate : 해치다, 손상시키다
impart : give, bestow, grant, confer : 나누어주다, 주다
impartial : unbiased, just, fair, disinterested : 편견없는, 공평한
impel : compel, drive, urge : 추진하다, 재촉하다
implore : supplicate, beseech, entreat, crave, beg, solicit : 간청하다, 애원하다
impolite : uncivil, rude, discourteous : 버릇없는, 무례한
importance : consequence, moment, significance : 중요, 중대
impregnable : unassailable, invincible : 끄떡않는, 견고한
improper : unfit, inappropriate : 부적당한, 어울리지 않는
improve : ameliorate, better : 개선하다, 진보하다
improvident : unwary, thoughtless, careless, imprudent : 선견지명 없는, 앞일을 생각하지 않는
improvised : impromptu : 즉석에서 짓다, 즉흥 연주하다
impudent : brazen, insolent, rude : 뻔뻔스러운, 염치없는
impulsive : emotional : 충동적인, 감정에 끌린
impunity : exemption : 형(벌)을 받지 않은
impute : attribute, ascribe, refer : ~에게 돌리다, 씌우다
inaccurate : incorrect, erroneous : 부정확한, 틀린
inactive : inert, lazy, passive, inanimate : 활동하지 않는, 게으른
inadvertent : heedless, careless, negligent : 부주의한, 소홀한
inanimate : lifeless : 생명이 없는
inapt : unsuited, unsuitable, inappropriate, unfit : 서투른, 부적당한
inborn : innate, native, natural, : 타고난, 선천적인
inborn : innate, native, natural, congenital :
incarcerate : imprison, confine : 감금하다, 투옥하다
incense : scent, fragrance : 향, 향내
incentive : motive, stimulus, spur, impulse, goad, prod : 자극적인, 고무하는
incessant : uninterrupted, unceasing, ceaseless, constant, continuous : 끊임없는, 쉴새없는
incidental : accidental, casual, contingent : 우연히 일어나는
incisive : penetrating, biting, acute, acid : 예리한, 예민한
incite : stimulate, spur, instigate, provoke : 자극하다, 격려하다
inclination : tendency, trend : 경향, 성향
include : contain, comprise : 포함하다, 함유하다
income : returns, revenue, gain, earnings : 수입, 소득
incommode : impede, hinder : 폐를 끼치다, 괴롭히다
incompatible : 1. inconsistent, contradictory, inharmonious : 어울리지 않는
2. unable, incapable, incompetent : 무능한, 쓸모없는
inconsistent : incompatible, inharmonious, incongruous, incoherent : 일치하지 않는, 모순된
inconstant : fickle, variable, volatile, unstable : 변덕스러운, 변하기 쉬운
incontrovertible: indisputable : 논쟁의 여지가 없는, 명백한
incorporate* : combine, integrate, include : 통합하다, 합병하다
increase : augment, enlarge : 늘리다, 불리다
incredulous : skeptical, doubtful, dubious : 의심많은
indecent : vulgar, coarse, rude, immodest : 버릇없는, 추잡한
indefinite : vague, obscure, confusing, uncertain : 명확하지 않은, 애매한
indifference : unconcern, apathy, inattention : 무관심, 냉담
indignation : resentment, wrath, anger : 분개한, 성난
indignity : humiliation, insult, scorn : 경멸, 모욕
indispensable: necessary, requisite, essential : 없어서는 안되는, 꼭 필요한
induce* : persuade, instigate, urge : 권유하다, 설득하다
industrious : diligent, assiduous : 근면한, 부지런한
inept : inapt, unsuitable, inappropriate : 부적당한, 서투른
infamous : notorious, disgraceful : 수치스러운, 악명높은
infectious : contagious, communicable : 전염성의, 전염병의
inflate : swell, expand : 부풀게하다
inflexible : rigid, unbending, stern, resolute, steadfast : 확고한, 강직한
inform : notify, acquaint : 알리다, 알려주다
information : intelligence : 지식
ingenious : skillful, adroit, resourceful, inventive : 재치있는, 영리한
ingenuous : frank, candid, open, naive : 순진한, 소박한
inherent* : natural, intrinsic, built-in, innate, congenital, inborn : 타고난, 고유의
inhibit : restrain, prohibit, forbid : 금하다, 억제하다
initial* : first, introductory, beginning, inceptive : 처음의, 최초의
initiate : begin, originate, commence, inaugurate : 시작하다, 가입시키다
injury : harm, damage, detriment, impairment : 상해, 손해
innocent : pure, blameless, faultless, impeccable, immaculate : 결백한, 순진한
innumerable : countless, numberless, numerous : 셀 수 없는, 무수한
inquire : ask, query : 묻다, 질문하다
inquiry : investigation, scrutiny, research : 질문, 조사, 연구
inquisitive : inquiring, curious : 호기심이 강한
insane : lunatic, crazy : 제정신이 아닌, 미친
insecure : unsafe, uncertain : 불안한, 걱정스러운
insolent : rude, overbearing, contemptuous, arrogant : 건방진, 무례한
instantly : immediately, instantaneously : 즉시의, 즉석에서
instrument : tool, implement : 기계, 기구, 도구
insult : scorn, slander, abuse : 모욕하다, 욕보이다
intact : uninjured, sound, unimpaired : 손상되지 않은, 그대로인
integrity : uprightness, honesty, righteousness : 고결, 성실, 흠없음
intensify : deepen, strengthen : 세게하다, 강렬하게 만들다
intent : intention, design : 의지, 의향
intentional : deliberate, purposeful, designed, planned : 계획된, 고의의
interfere* : intervene, intrude : 방해하다, 훼방하다
interpret : explain, explicate, elucidate : 해석하다, 설명하다
interrupt : suspend, intermit, stop, hinder : 가로막다, 저지하다
intimate : close, familiar : 친밀한, 친숙한
intolerable : unbearable : 참을수 없는
intolerant : bigoted, narrow, prejudiced, biased : 옹졸한, 편협한
intricate* : complex, elaborate, complicated : 얽힌, 복잡한
intrude : trespass, encroach, violate : 억지로 밀어넣다
intuition : insight : 직관, 직감
invaluable : priceless, precious : 매우 귀중한
invariable : constant, uniform, unchangeable : 불변의, 일정한
involve : include, embrace, contain, comprise, entail : 포함하다, 수반하다
irritate : vex, fret, anger, enrage, infuriate : 짜증나게 하다, 화나게 하다
isolation : separation, segregation : 고립, 분리
issue : point, problem, question : 발행, 논점
J & K
jam : pack, force, squeeze : 쑤셔넣다, 채워넣다
jealous : envious : 질투가 많은, 시샘하는
jeer : scoff, mock, ridicule : 조롱하다, 야유하다
jeopardy : risk, danger, peril : 위험
jest : joke : 농담, 익살
join : link, fasten, attach, combine, connect, unite : 결합하다, 맞붙이다
jolt* : shock, startle : 갑자기 세게 흔들다
joyful : glad, delighted, buoyant, elated, jubilant, jocund : 기쁜, 즐거운
joyless : cheerless, gloomy, dismal : 기쁨이 없는, 쓸쓸한
judicial : judicious, juridical : 사법의, 재판의
judicious : wise, sensible, reasonable : 현명한, 사리분별이 있는
jump : spring, bound, hop, leap : 뛰다, 뛰어오름
junction : combination, union, joining, juncture : 접합
justify : back, confirm, testify, bear out, warrant, verify, attest : 옳다고 하다, 정당화하다
keen : sharp, acute, poignant : 날카로운, 예리한
kill : slaughter, slay, assassinate, massacre : 죽이다
kind : benign, humane, compassionate : 친절한, 동정심있는
kindle : ignite, inflame, fire : 불붙다
kinship : relationship : 친척, 혈족관계
knack : skill : 솜씨, 요령
L
labor : toil, work, exertion : 노동, 근로, 수고
laborious : 1. toilsome, arduous, burdensome, difficult : 힘드는, 어려운
2. diligent, industrious : 열심히 일하는
lack : deficiency, need, want, scarcity : 부족, 결핍
lag : linger : 꾸물거리다
lament : bemoan, deplore, grieve, mourn : 슬퍼하다, 비탄하다
lane : path, way, passage, alley : 좁은길, 골목길
languid : faint, weak, feeble, exhausted : 노곤한, 나른한
large : 1. huge, enormous, immense, gigantic, colossal, massive : 큰, 광대한, 거대한
2. vast, pompous :
last : final, ultimate, conclusive, terminal : 마지막의
latent : hidden, concealed, potential : 숨어있는, 보이지 않는 (잠복기의)
laud : praise, exalt, applaud : 칭송하다, 찬양하다
laugh : giggle, chuckled, grin, smile : 웃다
lavish : expend, waste, squander : 아끼지 않는, 후한
lawful : legal, legitimate, valid : 합법의, 준법의
lazy : idle, indolent, slothful, sluggish : 게으른, 나태한
league : alliance, confederation, union : 연맹, 동맹
lean : incline, bend : 기대다, 의지하다, 비스듬히 기대어 놓다
leap : jump, bound, spring, vault, hop : 껑충 뛰다, 뛰어넘다
leave : quit, depart : 떠나다, 두고가다
legacy* : tradition, culture, heritage, inheritance : 유산, 물려받은 것
legend : fable, myth : 전설
legitimate : licit, legal, lawful : 합법적인, 정당한
lengthen : extend, stretch, prolong, protract : 길게 하다, 늘이다, 연장하다
lenient : mild, clement, merciful : 너그러운, 인자한
lessen : diminish, decrease, abate, dwindle : 적게하다, 줄이다
level : even, flat, plain, horizontal : 평평하게 하다, 고르다
liable : responsible, answerable, accountable : 책임져야 할
liberal : tolerant, broad-minded, magnanimous, generous : 후한, 너그러운, 풍부한
liberate : release, free, disengage, deliver : 자유롭게 만들다, 해방하다
lift : raise, elevate, exalt, uplift : 올리다, 들어올리다
light : illumination, radiance : 일광, 조명, 광채
lighten : illuminate, brighten, shine : 밝게 하다, 비추다
light-hearted : carefree, gay, joyful, merry : 마음편한, 근심걱정 없는
likely : probable, possible : 있음직한, ~함직한
limber : flexible : 유연한
limit : bound, boundary : 한계, 경계
link : bond, tie, connection : 잇다, 연결하다
liquid : fluid : 액체의
livelihood : living : 생계, 살림
lively : energetic, active, vigorous, brisk : 생기 넘치는, 명랑한
load : burden : 적재하물, 짐
loathe : abominate, detest, hate, abhor : 지긋지긋하도록 싫다, 질색하다
lodge : shelter, harbor, house, quarter : 숙박하다, 묵다
lofty : high, elevated, tall, sublime : 매우 높은
loiter : linger, loaf : 빈둥거리다, 어슬렁거리다
lone : solitary, lonely, secluded, separate : 고독한, 고립된
longing : desire, yearning, aspiration : 갈망, 동경
loose : lax, slack : 헐거운, 풀린
lordly : grand, magnificent, majestic, lofty : 귀족다운, 당당한
loud : noisy, clamorous, resounding, deafening : 시끄러운, 큰소리를 내는
lower : reduce, decrease, diminish, lessen : 낮추다, 떨어뜨리다
loyal : faithful, devoted : 충성스러운
lubricious : slippery, smooth : 미끄러운
lucid : clear, transparent, limpid, intelligible, plain, obvious, distinct, evident : 맑은, 투명한
ludicrous : ridiculous, comical, funny : 어이없는, 우스꽝스러운
luminous : bright, shining, lucid, radiant, brilliant : 빛을 내는, 총명한
lure : allure, decoy, attract, tempt, seduce : 유혹하다, 미끼
luster : brilliance, brightness, radiance : 광택, 영광
lusty : hearty, vigorous, robust, stout : 건장한, 튼튼한
luxurious : sumptuous, ornate : 사치스러운, 호화로운
M
mad : insane, lunatic, crazy : 미친, 열광적인
madden : infuriate, irritate, provoke, annoy, enrage, anger : 성나게 하다, 미치게 하다
magnificent : splendid, august, stately, majestic, imposing, grand : 장엄한, 웅장한
magnify : enlarge, augment, amplify, exaggerate : 확대하다, 과장하다
magnitude* : 1. degree, extent, measure, proportion :
2. volume, size, mass, bulk, amplitude : 크기, 광도, 중요함
maid : girl, maiden, lass : 소녀, 하녀, 미혼여성
main : chief, cardinal, prime, principal, leading, capital : 주요한, 전력을 다한
maintain** : 1. affirm, assert, hold, allege, contend, claim :
2. keep, retain : 지속할수 있는
maintenance : subsistence, livelihood, living : 작은집
majestic : stately, grand, august, imposing, splendid, magnificent : 장엄한, 웅장한
make : manufacture, mold, shape : 만들다, 구성하다
maladroit : unskillful, awkward, clumsy, inept : 솜씨없는, 서투른
malady : disease, illness, ailment : 병, 병폐
malcontent : dissatisfied, discontented : 불평을 품은, 불만의
male : masculine, manly : 남성의
malice : ill will, spite, enmity, malevolence : 악의
malicious : malevolent, evil-minded : 악의있는, 심술궂은
maltreat : mistreat, abuse : 학대하다, 혹사하다
mammoth : huge, gigantic, immense, colossal : 거대한
manage : conduct, control, direct, administer : 다루다, 처리하다
manager : administrator, executive, director : 경영인, 지배인
maneuver : scheme, plot, design : 연습하다, 기동하다
manful : manly : 남자다운, 씩씩한
mangle : maim, ruin, spoil, mar : 엉망진창으로 만들다
mania : excitement, enthusiasm : 열광
manifest : evident, obvious, apparent, plain, clear, distinct : 명백한, 분명한
manifold : various, numerous : 다양한, 다수의
manly : manful, brave, bold, valiant : 남자다운, 용맹한
manner : mode, fashion, way, method, demeanor, air, bearing, behavior : 방식, 방법
many : numerous, abundant, myriad, innumerable : 많은, 다수의
margin : border, edge, rim : 가장자리, 물가
mariner : sailor, seaman : 선원
mark : note, importance, distinction, eminence : ~에 표시하다, 주목하다
marriage : wedding, matrimony : 결혼
marvelous : wonderful, extraordinary, amazing, astonishing, astounding, miraculous,
surprising : 놀라운, 신기한
mask : veil, disguise : 가장하다, 가면을 씌우다
mass : aggregation, collection, accumulation, pile : 모임
massacre : slaughter, annihilation, murder : 대량학살
massive* : bulky, immense, huge, tremendous : 크고 무거운, 육중한
master : commander, chief, head : 주인, 지배자
matchless : unrivaled, unequaled, unparalleled : 무적의, 비길데 없는
matter : substance, material, stuff : 물질, 물체
mature : ripe, complete, grown, fully-developed : 성숙한
maxim : proverb, saying : 격언, 금언
meager : scanty, deficient, insignificant, thin : 메마른, 빈약한
mean : signify, imply, express, humble, ignoble, vulgar : 의미하다, 의도하다, ~할작정이다
measureless : limitless, boundless, immense, infinite : 무한한, 엄청난
meddlesome : interfering : 지겹게 참견하는
medicine : drug : 약
meditate : contemplate, reflect, ponder : 명상하다, 숙고하다
medium : means : 수단, 매개물
meet : encounter, confront, face : 만나다, 직면하다
melancholy : depressed, gloomy, despondent, dismal : 우울한, 침울한
melt : fuse, dissolve, thaw : 녹다, 용해하다
menace : threaten, intimidate : 협박, 위협
mend : repair, fix : 수선하다, 고치다
merciful : compassionate, clement, humane, sympathetic : 자비로운, 인정많은
merciless : pitiless, relentless, inexorable : 무자비한, 무정한
mercy : compassion, benevolence : 자비
merit : worth, excellence, value : 가치, 장점, 공적
merry : jolly, gay, mirthful, hilarious : 명랑한, 웃고 즐기는
mess : confusion, muddle : 혼란, 뒤죽박죽한
mighty : powerful, potent : 강력한, 힘센
migrate : immigrate, emigrate, move : 이주하다
mild : amiable, gentle, temperate, clement : 온화한, 관대한
milestone* : important event : 이정표,. 획기적인 사건
mingle : mix, blend : 섞다, 혼합하다
minor : secondary, subordinate : 중요치 않은, 둘째 가는
minute : detailed, precise : 미세한, 상세한
miraculous : marvelous, wonderful, incredible : 기적적인, 놀랄만한
mirth : gaiety, glee, merriment : 환희, 명랑
mischief : harm, injury, damage, hurt : 해악, 해독
miser : niggard : 구두쇠, 수전노
miserable : wretched, unhappy : 불쌍한, 비참한
miserly : stingy, mean : 인색한
misery : wretchedness, distress, suffering, torture : 고통, 비참
misgiving : apprehension, doubt, distrust, suspicion : 의심, 걱정, 불만
mislead : misguide, misdirect : 잘못 인도하다, 오도하다
mistake : error, blunder, slip : 잘못, 틀림, 오해
mix : blend : 섞다, 혼합하다
moan : groan, mourn : 신음하다, 불평을 하다
mock : ridicule, sneer : 조롱하다, 흉내내며 놀리다
moderate : reasonable, temperate, mild, average, usual : 절제있는, 온건한
modest : humble, decent : 겸손한, 신중한
modify : change, alter, vary : 변경하다, 수정하다
moist : damp, humid, wet : 축축한, 습기있는
momentous : important, consequent, serious : 중대한, 중요한
monetary : pecuniary : 화폐의, 금전상의
monotonous : tedious, dull, unvaried : 단조로운, 지루한
monster : demon, devil : 괴물, 도깨비
monstrous : tremendous, gigantic, prodigious, enormous, immense, colossal : 기괴한, 거대한
mood : disposition, temper : 기분, 감정
moody : gloomy, sullen : 변덕스러운, 침울한
moral : ethical, righteous, virtuous : 도덕상의, 윤리의
moreover : besides, further, furthermore : 게다가, 더욱이
mortal : fatal, lethal, deadly : 치명적인
mostly : generally, chiefly : 대개, 대부분
motif* : figure, pattern, design, device : 주제, 테마
motion : gesture, movement, move : 운동, 동작
motionless : fixed, still, stationary : 움직이지 않는, 정지한
motive : motivation, inducement, incentive, stimulus, spur : 동기, 목적
mount : ascend, climb, scale : 오르다, 타다
mourn : grieve, lament, bewail, deplore : 슬퍼하다, 한탄하다
movement : drive, crusade : 운동, 활동
multitude : host, crowd, throng, mass, swarm : 다수, 군중
murder : assassination : 살해하다, 암살하다
murmur : grumble, mumble, mutter : (시냇물의)졸졸소리, 낮은 목소리, 속사임
muse : meditate, ponder, contemplate, deliberate, brood : 명상하다, 숙고하다
mute : silent, dumb, still : 벙어리의, 무언의
mutiny : revolt, rebellion, uprising, rebel : 폭동, 반란
mutual : reciprocal : 서로의 공동의
N
naive : ingenuous, candid, downright : 단순한, 순진한
naked : nude, bare, stripped : 벌거숭이의, 나체의
narrow-minded: intolerant, illiberal : 마음이 좁은, 편협한
nasty : filthy, dirty, foul, impure, polluted : 더러운, 불쾌한
native : inborn, inherent, natural, innate, congenital : 출생지의, 타고난
nearly : almost, approximately, well-nigh : 거의, 대략
neat : orderly, trim, tidy, smart : 깔끔한, 단정한
necessary : essential, indispensable, requisite, vital : 필요한, 필연의
neglect : disregard, ignore, overlook : 게을리하다, 무시하다
negligence* : carelessness : 태만, 단정치못함
negligible : trivial, unimportant : 대수롭지 않은, 하찮은
negotiate : treat, bargain : 협정하다, 협상하다
nervous : excitable, uneasy : 신경성의, 흥분하기 쉬운
noble : lofty, honorable, dignified, imposing, stately : 고상한, 기품있는
notable : noteworthy, noticeable, remarkable, extraordinary, conspicuous, eminent,
distinguished : 주목할만한, 뛰어난
note : eminence, distinction, repute, celebrity, reputation : 명성, 평판
notice : information, intelligence : 통지, 통보
notify : inform, acquaint : 통지하다, 알리다
notion : opinion, view : 관념, 개념
nourish : nurture, breed : 기르다
novel : 1. new, fresh : 새로운
2. rare, unusual, strange : 잘 알려져 있지 않은, 신기한
numberless : innumerable, numerous, myriad, countless, untold, infinite : 셀수없이 많은, 무수한
nurse : tend, attend :
nurture : nurse : 기르다, 양육하다
nutrition : nourishment : 영양물, 영양을 섭취
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