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포스트 코로나 시대 - Future Predictions For A Post-Coronavirus World

Jobs9 2020. 4. 14. 15:41
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전세계가 코로나19 확산으로 사투를 벌이는 가운데 중국과 한국에 이어 유럽과 미국도 정점은 지났다는 분석이 나온다.

하지만 코로니19가 가라앉아도 우리가 이전 생활로 돌아가지는 못할 것이라는 전망이 나온다. 코로나19 이후의 세계는 어떤 모습으로 바뀔까.


이전처럼은 영원히 돌아갈 수 없다

슬프지만 포스트 코로나 시대가 코로나 발생 이전과 같을 것이라고 예상하는 이들은 거의 없다.
앤드류 쿠오모 미국 뉴욕주지사는 지난 8일 "우리가 일반적인 상태로 돌아갈 수 있을 것 같지 않다. 나는 코로나 이전의 시대로 돌아갈 수 없을 거라고 생각한다"고 말했다.

그는 "우리가 똑똑하다면, 대신 '뉴노멀'(시대변화에 따라 새롭게 부상하는 표준)을 구현할 수 있을 것이다"라고 밝혔다.

정세균 총리도 유사한 발언을 했다. 정 총리는 지난 13일 "예전과 같은 일상으로는 상당 기간, 어쩌면 영원히 돌아갈 수 없을지도 모른다"고 말했다.

그는 "어느 정도 경제활동을 영위하면서도, 코로나 전파위험을 낮추기 위해 필요한 강도로 사회적 거리두기를 지속하는 생활방역을 해야한다"며 "생활방역 체제는 코로나19 이전 삶으로의 복귀를 의미하는 것이 아니다"라고 강조했다.

'사피엔스', '호모데우스' 등을 쓴 이스라엘의 미래학자이자 역사가 유발 하라리 역시 비슷한 예상을 했다.

하라리는 프랑스 잡지 '르 포원', 미국 공영 라디오 방송 NPR 등과의 인터뷰를 통해 "코로나의 위기는 우리 시대에 있어서 지극히 중요한 사건이 될 가능성이 있다"고 말했다.

그는 "오래된 규칙은 산산조각이 나고, 새로운 규칙은 아직 쓰여 가고 있다"며 "앞으로 한두 달 동안 각국 정부나 국제기구는 실제 조건에서 대규모 사회실험을 실시하게 될 것이다. 그리고 그것이 앞으로 몇십 년의 세계의 형태를 결정짓게 될 것이다"라고 했다.


1. 온라인 강의의 일상화

하라리는 앞으로 전세계에서 인터넷을 이용한 원격 강의가 보편화될 것이라고 예상했다.
그는 "나는 이스라엘 히브리대학 교수인데, 이 대학에서는 큰 교실 강의 대신 인터넷을 이용한 원격강의를 하는 것에 대해 몇년 전부터 이야기가 많았다. 하지만 반대 의견이 커서 실행되지 않았다"고 했다.

이어 "그런데 이스라엘 정부가 코로나 확산 대응 차원에서 모든 캠퍼스를 폐쇄하자 대학은 모든 강의를 온라인으로 전환하는 시스템을 도입하지 않을 수 없게 됐다. 이미 나는 이 방법으로 3개의 강의를 했고 다 잘 됐다"며 "나는 위기가 지난 후라도 대학이 다시 원래대로 돌아간다고는 생각할 수 없다"고 했다.

한국에서도 사상 초유의 온라인 개학이 이뤄지고 있다. 오는 16일엔 2차 온라인 개학이 이뤄져 초등학교 1학년부터 3학년까지를 뺀 초중고생 약 400만명이 한꺼번에 원격수업을 듣게 된다.

당분간 전세계도 유사할 것으로 보인다. 섣불리 개학했다가 감염자가 속출하게 된 싱가포르의 사례가 있어서다.

싱가포르는 지난 12일 기준 확진자가 2299명(사망자 8명)으로 전날보다 191명 증가하는 등 사흘 연속 하루에 200~300명에 육박하는 확진자가 발생하고 있다. 확진자가 적어 방역 모범국으로 불리던 싱가포르에 갑자기 확진자가 쏟아지게 된건 개학 때문이다.

옹예쿵 싱가포르 교육부 장관은 "학교는 어린이들에게 가장 안전한 장소"라며 지난달 23일 전국 유치원과 초·중·고교 개학을 강행했다. 하지만 개학 이틀 후 한 유치원에서 집단감염이 발생하면서 비난여론이 거세지자 싱가포르 정부는 불과 2주일 만에 개학 결정을 철회, 재택학습으로 전환했다.

이같은 온라인 강의의 확산은 국내 대학의 몰락을 가속화할 수 있다. 해외 유명대학의 명강의를 집에서 쉽게 들을 수 있는 환경이 조성될 것으로 보이기 때문이다.


2. 재난지원금 뿌리는 세계 각국…최저소득 보장 실험

하라리는 세계 각국이 코로나 사태를 통해 '기본소득 보장'이 얼마나 중요한지를 깨닫게 됐다고도 설명했다.
그는 "수년 전부터 일부 전문가들은 '기본소득 보장'을 검토하고 있었지만, 지구상의 거의 모든 정치인들은 이런 생각이 소박하고 비현실적이라고 생각해 이를 실험하기를 거부했다"고 했다.

하지만 "코로나 사태가 확산하면서 현재 미국의 극단적인 보수 행정기관들조차 위기 내내 국민 개개인에게 기본 소득을 지급하기로 결정했다"고 말했다.

2020.04.13 프란치스코 교황 /사진=AFP

2020.04.13 프란치스코 교황 /사진=AFP
이미 일부 국가들이 코로나19 사태에 대한 대책의 일환으로 1회성 또는 지속적인 보편적 기본소득 성격의 지원금 지급 정책을 시행하겠다고 발표했다.

나디아 칼비노 스페인 경제부 장관은 가능한 한 이른 시일에 기본소득 정책을 시행할 계획이라고 지난 5일 밝혔다. 스페인에서 계획한 기본소득은 취약 계층을 위해 월 440유로(약 52만 원)를 지급하는 게 골자다. 스페인은 최저임금이 월 950유로(약 127만원)이다.

미국에서는 2조2000억 달러에 달하는 코로나 경기부양책의 일환으로 일정 소득 이상을 제외한 미국인에게 1인당 1200달러(약 145만원)의 현금을 지급할 예정이다.

프란치스코 교황도 지난 12일 부활절 서한을 통해 '보편적 기본소득'을 지지하고 나섰다. 교황은 서한에서 "존엄을 부여할 보편적 기본소득을 고려할 적기"라고 지적했다.


3. 뛰어난 유럽, 미국은 없다… 사대주의 해체

그동안 한국에는 서양우월주의(사대주의)가 만연했던 게 사실이다. 한국의 뛰어난 점을 서양에 알리고 이를 인정받고자 애쓰는 모습이 우습다며 이를 풍자하는 흐름도 있었다.
외국 유명 인사들에게 '두유노'(Do you know) 김치, 싸이 등을 연발하는 모습은 한국인들의 사대주의를 드러낸다는 비판을 받았다. 유명 예능프로그램 '비긴어게인' '윤식당' '어서와 한국은 처음이지 '등도 서양인들에게 우수한 한국의 모습을 보여주려 안달이라는 지적을 받았다.

하지만 코로나 사태가 미국과 유럽을 휩쓸면서 아시아와는 비교할 수 없을 정도로 심각한 피해가 서양 사회 전반에 걸쳐 발생했다. '글로벌 리더 미국' '선진국 유럽'은 환상에 불과하다고 느껴질 정도다.

사재기가 없던 한국과 달리 서양 전반에선 두루마리 휴지 사재기가 발생했다. 5G망이 감염을 확산한다는 가짜뉴스가 퍼져 영국의 한 5G 기지국에 불이 나기도 했다. 코로나가 5G 이동통신 전파를 타고 퍼진다는 말이 돌자 현지 주민들이 불을 지른 것이다.

프랑스에선 한국의 감염자 동선 공개 등 모바일 정보를 이용한 방역을 비판하며 '한국은 감시·밀고국가'란 비판이 나왔다. 하지만 이 같은 비판은 곧 또다른 비판에 직면했다. 프랑스에선 걷잡을 수 없이 감염이 확산하고 있는 반면 한국은 안정기에 접어들었기 때문이다.

이에 코로나 사태를 계기로 서양우월주의가 쇠퇴하고 미국·유럽이 주도해온 국제질서도 개편될 것이라는 전망이 나온다.
한국은 변질된 개인주의에 갇힌 서양과 대조됐다.

 

 

9 Future Predictions For A Post-Coronavirus World

As the ripple of COVID-19 careens around the globe, it’s forcing humankind to innovate and change the way we work and live. The upside of where we find ourselves right now is that individuals and corporations will be more resilient in a post-COVID-19 world. Here are nine predictions of what our world may look like once we have left the pandemic behind.

1.  More Contactless Interfaces and Interactions

There was a time not too long ago when we were impressed by touch screens and all they enabled us to do. COVID-19 has made most of us hyper-aware of every touchable surface that could transmit the disease, so in a post-COVID-19 world, it’s expected that we’ll have fewer touch screens and more voice interfaces and machine vision interfaces. Prior to the pandemic, we saw the rollout of contactless payment options through mobile devices. However, with the increase in people wanting to limit what they touch, an option to pay for goods and services that does not require any physical contact is likely to gain traction. Machine vision interfaces are already used today to apply social media filters and to offer autonomous checkout at some stores. Expect there to be an expansion of voice and machine vision interfaces that recognize faces and gestures throughout several industries to limit the amount of physical contact.

2. Strengthened Digital Infrastructure

COVID-19 caused people to adapt to working from home and in isolation. By forcing our collective hand to find digital solutions to keep meetings, lessons, workouts, and more going when sheltering in our homes, it allowed many of us to see the possibilities for continuing some of these practices in a post-COVID-19 world. For me, I realized that traveling to other countries just for a meeting isn't always essential, and I have learned that video calls for all kinds of meetings (yes, even board meetings) can be equally effective. My daughter had her first piano lesson over a video call thanks to our social distancing requirements, and it went surprisingly well.

3. Better Monitoring Using IoT and Big Data

We see the power of data in a pandemic in real-time. The lessons we are receiving from this experience will inform how we monitor future pandemics by using internet of things technology and big data. National or global apps could result in better early warning systems because they could report and track who is showing symptoms of an outbreak. GPS data could then be used to track where exposed people have been and who they have interacted with to show contagion. Any of these efforts require careful implementation to safeguard an individual’s privacy and to prevent the abuse of the data but offer huge benefits to more effectively monitor and tackle future pandemics.

4. AI-Enabled Drug Development

The faster we can create and deploy an effective and safe drug to treat and a vaccine to prevent COVID-19 and future viruses, the faster it will be contained. Artificial intelligence is an ideal partner in drug development because it can accelerate and complement human endeavors. Our current reality will inform future efforts to deploy AI in drug development.

5. Telemedicine

Have you received the emails from your healthcare professionals that they are open for telemedicine or virtual consultations? To curb traffic at hospitals and other healthcare practitioners’ offices, many are implementing or reminding their patients that consultations can be done through video. Rather than rush to the doctor or healthcare center, remote care enables clinical services without an in-person visit. Some healthcare providers had dabbled in this before COVID-19, but the interest has increased now that social distancing is mandated in many areas.

6. More Online Shopping

Although there were many businesses that felt they had already cracked the online shopping code, COVID-19 taxed the systems like never before as the majority of shopping moved online. Businesses who didn't have an online option faced financial ruin, and those who had some capabilities tried to ramp up offerings. After COVID-19, businesses that want to remain competitive will figure out ways to have online services even if they maintain a brick-and-mortar location, and there will be enhancements to the logistics and delivery systems to accommodate surges in demand whether that's from shopper preference or a future pandemic.

7. Increased Reliance on Robots

Robots aren't susceptible to viruses. Whether they are used to deliver groceries or to take vitals in a healthcare system or to keep a factory running, companies realize how robots could support us today and play an important role in a post-COVID-19 world or during a future pandemic.

8. More Digital Events

Organizers and participants of in-person events that were forced to switch to digital realize there are pros and cons of both. For example, I regularly take part in technology debates in the Houses of Parliament in London. This week’s debate about ‘AI in education’ was done as a virtual event and went very well and actually had more people attend. We didn't experience a capacity issue as we do with an in-person event, plus there were attendees logged on from all around the world. While I don't predict that in-person events will be replaced entirely after COVID-19, I do believe event organizers will figure out ways the digital aspects can complement in-person events. I predict a steep rise in hybrid events where parts of the event take place in person, and others are delivered digitally.

9. Rise in Esports

Sporting events, organizations, and fans have had to deal with the reality of their favorite past-times being put on hold or seasons entirely canceled due to COVID-19. But esports are thriving. There are even e-versions of F1 car racing on television, and although it might not be the same as traditional Formula 1 racing, it's giving people a "sports" outlet. Unlike mainstream sporting events, esporting events can easily transition online. Similarly to events, I predict more hybrid sports coverage where physical events are complemented with digital offerings. 

 COVID-19 might be taxing our systems and patience, but it’s also building our resilience and allowing us to develop new and innovative solutions out of necessity. In a post-COVID-19 world, I predict we will take the lessons handed to us by our time dealing with the virus and make our world a better place. What do you see in the future?

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