잡스 영어/영어 어휘, 어원

영어 어근 어원(라틴,희랍어) 총 정리 #02

Jobs9 2024. 11. 19. 17:08
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Root Meaning In English Origin Language Etymology (Root Origin) English Examples
dactyl- finger Greek δάκτυλος, finger dactylology, pterodactyl
damn-, -demn- Latin damnare condemn, damnation
de- from, away from, removing Latin dē delete, demented
deb- owe Latin debere, debitus debit
deci- tenth part Latin decimus, tenth; from decem, ten decibel, decimate
deca-, dec-, deka-, dek- ten Greek deka, ten decagram, decahedron
delt- Greek (delta) deltoid
dem- people Greek demos, people demagogue, democracy
den- ten each Latin deni denary
dendr-, dendro- resembling a tree Greek dendron: akin to drys, tree dendrite
dens- thick Latin densus condense, density
dent- tooth Latin dens, dentis dental, dentures
derm- skin Greek δέρμα (derma) skin hypodermic
deuter- second Greek δεύτερος (deuteros) "second" Deuteronomy
dexter- right Latin dexter dexterity
dextro- right Greek δεξ-, right
di- two Greek dicot
dia- apart, through Greek δια diameter
dict- say, speak Latin dicere, dictus dictation
digit- finger Latin digitus digital
dino- terrible, fearfully great Greek (deinos) dinosaur
dipl- Greek diploid, diplosis
doc-, doct- teach Latin docere, doctus docile, doctor
dodec- twelve Greek δωδεκα (dodeka) dodecasyllabic
dog-, dox- opinion, teaching Greek dogmatic
dom- Latin domus dome
dorm- sleep Latin dormire dormant, dormitory
dors- back Latin dorsum dorsal
du- two Latin duo dual
dub- doubtful Latin dubious
duc-, duct- lead Latin dux abduction, conductor, introduce
dulc- sweet Latin dulcis
dur- hard Latin durus durable, duration, duress, endure, obdurate
dy- two Greek (duo) dyad
dys- badly, ill Greek δυσ dysentery
Root Meaning In English Origin Language Etymology (Root Origin) English Examples
ec- out Greek (ek) eccentric
eco- house Greek (oikos) ecology, economics, ecumenism
ecto- outside Greek (ektos) ectoderm
ed-, es- eat Latin edere, esus edible
ego- self, I (first person) egocentric
ego-, eg- goat Latin from Greek egophony
em-, empt- buy Latin emere, emptus exemption, redeem
eme- vomit Greek (emetos) emetic
emul- striving to equal, rivaling Latin aemulus, aemulare emulation
en-, em- in Greek (en) emphasis
endo- inside Greek (endo) endocrine
engy- narrow Greek
ennea- nine Greek (ennea) ennead, enneagon
ens- sword Latin ensis
eo-, eos-, eoso- dawn, east Greek Eocene
epi-, ep- upon Greek (epi) epicenter, epoch
epistem- knowledge or science Greek epistemic
equ-, -iqu- even, level Latin aequus equal
equ- horse Latin equus Equestrian
erg- work Greek (ergon) ergonomics
err- stray Latin errare aberration, errant
erythr(o)- red Greek ερυθρος (eruthros) erythrocyte
eso- within Greek (esō) esoteric
etho-, eth-, ethi- custom, habit Greek εθος (ethos) ethology
ethm- sieve Greek ethmoid
ethn- people, race, tribe, nation Greek (ethnos) ethnic, ethnarch
etym(o)- TRUE Greek (etumos) etymology
eu- well Greek (eu) euphoria
eur- wide Greek (eurus) Europe
ex-, e-, ef- from, out of Latin ex exclude, extrude, extend
exo- outside Greek exothermic
exter-, extra- outer Latin exterior
extrem- outermost, utmost Latin extremus extremity, extremophile
Root Meaning In English Origin Language Etymology (Root Origin) English Examples
f-, fat- say, speak Latin fari, fatus fate, infant, preface
fab- bean Latin faba faba bean
fac-, -fic-, fact, -fect- make Latin facere, factus defect, factory, manufacture
falc- sickle Latin falx, falcis falciform
fall-, -fell-, fals- Latin fallere, falsus falsity
fallac- FALSE Latin fallax, fallacis fallacy
famili- Latin familiarity
fant- to show Greek fantasy
fasc- bundle Latin fascis fascicle
fatu- foolish, useless Latin fatuus fatuous, infatuate
feder- Latin foedus, foederis confederation, federal
fel- cat Latin feles, felis feline
felic- happy, merry Latin felix, felicis felicity
fell- suck Latin fellare fellation
femin- women, quality or condition of being female Latin femina femininity
femor- thigh Latin femur, femoris femoral
fend-, fens- Latin fendere, -fensus defend, offense
fenestr- window Latin fenestra fenestration
fer- carry Latin ferre reference, transfer
feroc- fierce Latin ferox, ferocis ferocity
ferr- iron Latin ferrum ferrous
fet- stink Latin fetere fetid
fic- fig Latin ficus Ficus
fid-, fis- faith, trust Latin fides, fidere, fisus confide
fil- thread Latin filum filament
fili- Latin filius affiliate
find-, fiss- split Latin findere, fissus fission
firm- fix, settle Latin firmus, firmare confirmation
fistul- hollow, tube Latin fistule
fl- blow Latin flare, flatus flatulence, inflation
flacc- flabby Latin flaccus flaccid
flav- yellow Latin flavus flavonoid
flect-, flex- bend Latin flectere, flexus flexor, inflection
flig-, flict- strike Latin fligere, flictus inflict
flor- flower Latin flos, floris floral, florid
flu-, flux- flow Latin fluere, fluxus effluent, fluency, influx
foc- hearth Latin focus focal
fod-, foss- dig Latin fodere, fossus fossil
foen- hay
foli- leaf Latin folium defoliate
font- spring Latin fons, fontis
for- bore Latin forare, foratus perforation
form- shape Latin forma deformity, formation
fornic- vault Latin fornix, fornicis fornication
fort- strong Latin fortis fortification
fovea- shallow round depression
frang-, -fring-, fract-, frag- break Latin frangere, fractus fracture, fragment, infringe
frater-, fratr- brother Latin frater fraternity
fric-, frict- rub Latin fricare dentifrice, friction
frig- cold Latin frigere frigid
front- forehead Latin frons, frontis confront, frontal
fruct-, frug- fruit Latin frux, fructis fructose
fug-, fugit- flee Latin fugere centrifuge, fugitive, refuge
fum- smoke Latin fumus fume, fumigate
fund- bottom Latin fundus, fundare fundamental, profundity
fund-, fus- pour Latin fundere, fusus profusion
fung-, funct- do Latin fungi function
fur-, furt- steal Latin furare furtive
furc- fork Latin furca bifurcation
fusc- dark Latin fuscus obfuscation
Root Meaning in English Origin Language Etymology (Root Origin) English Examples
galact- milk Greek (gala, galaktos) galactic
gastr- stomach Greek (gaster) gastric, gastroenterologist
ge(o)- earth Greek γη (gē) geology
gel- icy cold Latin gelum gelatin
ger-, gest- bear, carry Latin gerere, gestus digest, gestation
germin- sprout Latin germen, germinis germination
glabr- hairless Latin glaber glabrous
glaci- ice Latin glacies glacier
gladi- sword Latin gladius gladiator
glob- Latin globus global, globule
glori- glory Latin gloria glorify
glutin- glue Latin gluten, glutinis agglutination
grad-, -gred-, gress- walk, step, go Latin gradus, gradere, gressus grade, regress
gramm- letter Greek γραμμα (gramma) grammatic
gran- grain Latin granum granary, granule
grand- grand Latin grandis grandiloquous
graph- draw, write Greek (graphē) graphic, graphology
grat- thank, please Latin gratus gratitude
grav- heavy Latin gravis gravity
greg- flock Latin grex, gregis gregarious, segregation
gubern- govern, pilot Latin gubernare gubernatorial
gust- taste Latin gustus gusto
guttur- throat Latin guttur guttural
gymn- nude Greek (gymnos) gymnasium
Root Meaning in English Origin Language Etymology (Root Origin) English Examples
hab-, -hib-, habit-, -hibit- have Latin habere, habitus habit, prohibition
haem(o)- blood Greek ἁιμα (haima) haemophilia
hal(o)- salt Greek (hals, halos) halogen
hal-, -hel- breathe Latin halare, halatus anhelation, inhale
hapl(o)- simple Greek (haplos) haploid
haur-, haust- draw Latin haurire, haustus exhaust
heli(o)- sun Greek ἡλιος helium,heliotrope
hemi- half Greek ήμισυς (hemisus) hemisphere
hen- one Greek ἑν (hen) henad, hyphen
hendec- eleven Greek ἑνδεκα (hendeka) hendecagon
hept- seven Greek (hepta) heptagon, heptathlon
her-, hes- cling Latin haerere, haesus adhesive, coherent
herb- grass Latin herba herbicide
hered- heir Latin heres, heredis heredity
herp- creep Greek herpetology
heter(o)- different, other Greek ἑτερος (heteros) heterodox
heur- find Greek ἑυρισκω heuristic
hex- six Greek ἑξ (hex) hexagon
hibern- wintry Latin hibernus hibernation
hiem- winter Latin hiems hiemal
hipp(o)- horse Greek ἱππος (hippos) hippodrome
hirsut- hairy Latin hirtus, hirsutus hirsute
hispid- bristly Latin hispidus hispidity
histri- actor histrionic
hod- way Greek ὁδος (hodos) cathode, hodometer
hol(o)- whole Greek (holos) holistic
hom(o)- same Greek (homos) homosexual
homeo- like Greek (homoios)
homin- human Latin homo, hominis hominid
homal- even, flat Greek (homalos) anomalous
honor- esteem Latin honos, honoris honorable
horm- that which excites Greek hormone
hort(i)- garden Latin hortus, horti horticulture
hospit- host Latin hospes, hospitis hospitality
host- enemy Latin hostis hostile
hum- ground Latin humus, humare exhumation, inhume
hyal- glass Greek (hualos) hyaline, hyaloid
hydr(o)- water Greek ὑδωρ hydrology, hydrologist, Hydrogen, Hydrate, dehydrate, Hydrophobia, hydroponic, hydraulic, Hydrolysis, hydrous, hydrophilic
hygr- wet Greek (hugros) hygrology
hyo- U-shaped Greek
hyp(o)- under Greek ὑπο (hupo) hyphen
hyper- above, over Greek ὑπερ(huper)
hypn- sleep Greek ὑπνος (hupnos) hypnosis
hyster- later Greek ὑστερος (husteros) hysteresis
Root Meaning In English Origin Language Etymology (Root Origin) English Examples
ichth- fish Greek (ichthus) ichthyology
icos- twenty Greek (eikosi) icosagon, icosahedron
id(o)- shape Greek (eidos) idol
ide(o)- idea Greek (idea) ideology, ideogram
idi(o)- personal Greek (idios) idiom, idiosyncrasy, idiot
ign- fire Latin ignis igneous, ignition
in- (1), im- in, on Latin in invite, incur, intend
in- (2), il-, im-, ir- in, un- (negation) Latin in- illicit, impossible, inimical, irrational
infra- under Latin infra infrastructure
insul- island Latin insula insular, insulation
inter- among, between Latin inter (preposition) – among, between intermission, intercollegiate, intercourse
intra- within Latin intra intracollegiate
irasc-, irat- be angry Latin irasci irascible, irate
is(o)- equal, the same Greek (isos) isomorphic, isometric
-(i)tat- property of, quality of Latin quality, liberty
iter- again Latin iterum iteration
itin- route, way Latin iter, itinis – march, journey itinerary
Root Meaning In English Origin Language Etymology (Root Origin) English Examples
jac- lie Latin jacēre "to be thrown" adjacent
jac- (originally IAC), -ject- cast, throw Latin iacio, iacere, ieci, iectus – "to throw" (and cognates thereof) eject, interject, ejaculate, trajectory
jan- door Latin janua janitor
joc- joke Latin jocus jocularity
jug- yoke Latin jugare, jugum conjugal, subjugate
jung-, junct- join Latin jungere, junctus conjunction, juncture
junior- younger Latin junior juniority
jus-, jur, judic(originally IVS) law, justice Latin ius, iuris; iudex, iudicis; iusticia, iusticiae, etc. justice, jury, judge
juv-, jut- help Latin juvare, jutus adjutant
juven- young, youth Latin juvenis juvenile, rejuvenate
juxta- beside, near Latin juxta juxtaposition
[edit] K
Root Meaning In English Origin Language Etymology (Root Origin) English Examples
kil(o)- thousand Greek chilioi kilogram, kilometer, kilobyte
kine- movement, motion Greek telekinesis, kinetic energy, kinesthetic
klept- steal Greek (kleptēs) kleptomania
kudo- glory Greek (kudos) kudos
Root Meaning In English Origin Language Etymology (Root Origin) English Examples
lab-, laps- slide, slip Latin labi, lapsus elapse, relapse
labi- lip Latin labia, labiae bilabial, labial
labor- toil Latin labor collaboration, elaboration
lacer- tear Latin lacer laceration
lacrim- cry, tears Latin lacrima "tear" lacrimal, lacrimous
lact- milk Latin lac, lactis, lactare lactate, lactation, lactose
lamin- layer, slice Latin lamina laminate, lamination
lamp- shine Greek lampas "torch" lamp
lapid- stone Latin lapis, lapidis lapidary
larg- large Latin largus enlargement
larv- ghost, mask Latin larva larva, larvae, larval
lat(i)- broad, wide Latin latus latitude
later- side Latin latus, lateris bilateral
laud-, laus- praise Latin laudere laud
lav- wash Latin lavare lavatory
lax- Latin laxus, laxare laxative, relaxation
led-, les- hurt Latin laedere, laesus lesion
leio- smooth Greek leios leiomyoma
leni- gentle Latin lenis, lenire leniency
leon- lion Latin leo, leonis "lion" Leo, leonine, Leopold
lep- flake, scale Greek lepis Lepidoptera
leps- grasp, seize Greek lepsis epilepsy
leuc(o)-, leuk(o)- white Greek leukos leucocyte
lev- lift, light Latin levis "light" (in weight), levare elevator, levitation
liber- free Latin liber, liberare liberation
libr- book Latin liber library
lig- bind Latin ligare ligament, ligature
lin- line Latin linea linearity, line
lingu- language, tongue Latin lingua tongue, language bilingual, linguistic
linqu-, lict- leave Latin linquere relict, relinquish
lip(o)- fat Greek lipos lipolysis
liter- letter Latin littera alliteration, illiterate, literacy, literal, obliterate
lith(o)- stone Greek lithos "stone" monolith, Neolithic Era, lithosphere,megalith
loc- place Latin locus local, location
log- thought, word Greek logos "word" monologue, logic, morphological
long- long Latin longus elongate, longitude
loqu-, locut- speak Latin loqui allocution, eloquent
luc- bright, light Latin lux, lucis light Lucifer (bearer of light)
lud-, lus- play Latin ludere allude, illusion
lumin- light Latin lumen, luminis illumination, luminous
lun- moon Latin luna "moon" lunar, lunatic
Root Meaning In English Origin Language Etymology (Root Origin) English Examples
macr- long Greek μακρός (makros) macron
magn- great, large Latin magnus magnanimous, magnificent
maj- greater Latin major, majus majesty, majority, majuscule
mal- bad, wretched, evil Latin malus malicious, malign, malfeasance
mamm- breast Latin mamma mammal, mammary
man- flow Latin manare emanate
man- stay Latin manere, mansus permanent, remanent
mand- hand Latin mandare, mandatus mandate, remand
manu- hand Latin manus manual, manuscript
mar- sea Latin mare, maris marine, maritime
mater-, matr- mother Latin mater, matris matrix
maxim- greatest Latin maximus maximal
medi-, -midi- middle Latin medius median, medieval
meg- great, large Greek (megas) megaphone
mei- less Greek (meiōn) meiosis
melan- black, dark Greek μέλας (melas) Melanesia, melanoma
melior- better Latin melior amelioration
mell- honey Latin mel, mellis mellifluous
mening- membrane Greek (meninx)
meno- moon
ment- mind Latin mens, mentis demented, mentality
mer- part Greek (meros) polymer
merc- Latin merx, mercis mercantile, merchant
merg-, mers- dip, plunge Latin mergere emerge, immersion
mes- middle Greek (mesos) mesolithic, mesozoic
meter-, metr- measure Greek (metron) metric, thermometer
meta- above, among, beyond Greek (meta) metaphysics
mica- grain Latin micelle
micr(o)- small Greek μικρος (mikros) microphone, microscope
milit- soldier Latin miles, militis military, militia
mill- thousand Latin mille millennium, million
millen- thousand each Latin milleni millenary
mim- Greek (mimos) mime, mimic
min- jut Latin minere prominent
min- less, smaller Latin minor, minus minority, minuscule
mir- wonder, amazement Latin miror, mirari, miratus sum miracle, mirror, admire
mis- hate Greek μισος (misos) misandry, misogyny
misce-, mixt- mix Latin miscere miscellaneous, mixture
mit- thread Greek (mitos) mitochondrion
mitt-, miss- send Latin mittere intermittent, transmission
mne- memory Greek mnemonic
mol- grind Latin mola molar
moll- soft Latin mollis emollient, mollify
monil- string of beads
mon(o)- one Greek (monos) monolith, monotone, monism
mont- mountain Latin mons, montis Montana
morph- form, shape Greek (morphe) morpheme, anthropomorphic, morphology
mort- death Latin mors, mortis immortal, mortality
mov-, mot- move, motion Latin moveo, movere move, motor, momentum
mulg-, muls- milk Latin mulgere emulsion
mult(i)- many, much Latin multus multitude, multiple, multiplex
mur- wall Latin murus, muri immured, mural
mus- thief Latin mus, muris mouse
musc- fly Latin musca, muscae
mut- change Latin mutare mutation
my- mouse Greek (mus)
myri- countless, ten thousand Greek (murios) myriad
myth- story Greek (muthos) mythic, mythology
myx- slime Greek (muxa)
myz- suck Greek
Root Meaning in English Origin Language Etymology (Root Origin) English Examples
nar- nostril Latin naris
narc- numb Greek (narkē) narcosis, narcotic
narr- tell Latin narrare narrative
nas- nose Latin nasus nasal
nasc-, nat- born Latin nascere, natus nascent, native
naut- ship Greek (naus) astronaut
nav- ship Latin navis naval
ne(o)- new Greek (neos) neologism
necr(o)- dead Greek (nekros) necrophobia
nect-, nex- join, tie Latin nectere, nexus connection
necto-, nect- swimming Greek nektos nectopod
neg- say no Latin negare negative
nema- hair Greek
nemor- grove, woods Latin nemus, nemoris nemoral
nephr- kidney Greek nephritis
nes- island Greek (nesos) Polynesia
neur- nerve Greek (neuron) neurology, neurosurgeon
nict- wink Latin nictari nictation
nigr- black Latin niger denigrate
nihil- nothing Latin nihilum annihilation
noct- night Latin nox, noctis nocturnal
nod- knot Latin nodus node, nodule
nom- arrangement, law Greek (nomos)
nomad- Greek (nomas, nomados) nomadic
nomin- name Latin nomen, nominis nomination
non- not Latin non
non- ninth Latin nonus nonary
nonagen- ninety each Latin nonageni nonagenary
nonagesim- ninetieth Latin nonagesimus nonagesimal
noth- spurious
noto- back, south Greek (noton)
nov- nine Latin novem novennial
nov- new Latin novus innovation, nova
noven- nine each Latin noveni novenary
novendec- nineteen Latin novendecim
nu- nod Latin nuere innuendo
nub- Latin nubes, nubis nubile
nuc- nut Latin nux, nucis nucleus
nuch- back of neck nuchal cord
nud- naked Latin nudus denude, nudity
null(i)- none Latin nullus nullify
numer- number Latin numerus numeral
-nunci- announce Latin nuntius pronunciation
nupti- Latin nuptial
nutri- nourish Latin nutrient

 

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