|
Root |
Meaning In English |
Origin Language |
Etymology (Root Origin) |
English Examples |
|
ab-, a-, abs- |
away |
Latin |
ab "away", from Greek apo "away" |
abnormal, abrasion, absorb, abstract, aversion |
|
a-, an- |
not, without |
Greek |
Greek α-/αν- "a-/an" "not" |
atypical, ahistorical |
|
ac-, ak-, acu- |
sharp or pointed |
Latin |
acutus past participle of acuere "to sharpen", from acus "needle" |
acid, acupunture |
|
acr-, acro- |
height, summit, tip |
Greek |
Greek άκρος ákros"high", "extreme" |
acrophobia, acrobat, acronym, acromegalia |
|
ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, ap-, ar-, as-, at- |
movement to or toward; in addition to |
Latin |
ad "to", "toward" |
adapt, affect, ascend, accept |
|
adip- |
fat |
Latin |
adeps, adipis "fat" |
adipose |
|
aer-, aero- |
air, atmosphere |
Greek |
aer "air" |
aeronautics, aerosol |
|
aesth- |
feeling, sensation |
Greek |
aisthētikos "of sense perception" from aisthanesthai "to perceive" |
aesthetics |
|
agr-, agri- |
field |
Greek and Latin |
from Greek agros and Latin ager, agr- "field" |
agriculture, pilgrim |
|
am-, amor- |
love, loving |
Latin |
amor "love" from amāre "to love" |
amateur, amorous |
|
ambi- |
both, on both sides |
Latin |
ambi "on both sides", from Greek amphi, "on both sides" |
ambidextrous, ambivalent |
|
amic-, -imic- |
friend |
Latin |
amicus |
amicable, inimical |
|
amphi- |
around, about, both, on both sides of, both kinds |
Greek |
amphi "on both sides" |
amphibian |
|
ampl- |
ample |
Latin |
amplus |
amplification |
|
ana- |
again, against, back |
Greek |
from Greek prefix ana-"again", "against" |
anaphylaxisanabaptist |
|
anima- |
breath |
Latin |
anima "breath" |
animal, animation |
|
ann-, -enn- |
year, yearly |
Latin |
annus "year" |
anniversary, annual, millennium |
|
ant-, anti- |
against, opposed to, preventive |
Greek |
anti "before", "against" |
antibiotic, antibody, antipodes |
|
ante-, anti- |
before, in front of, prior to |
Latin |
Latin from Greek anti"before", "against" |
antediluvian, antebellum, anticipate |
|
anth-, antho- |
flower |
Greek |
anthos "flower" |
anther, anthology |
|
anthropo-, anthro- |
human |
Greek |
anthropos "man" |
anthropology, anthropomorphic |
|
aqu- |
water |
Latin |
aqua |
aquarium, aquamarine |
|
ar- |
plow, till |
Latin |
arare |
arable |
|
ar- |
be dry |
Latin |
arere, "be dry or parched" |
arid |
|
arch- |
ruler, chief |
Greek |
archos "ruler" |
archangel, archetype |
|
archaeo-, archeo- |
ancient |
Greek |
arkhaios "ancient" from arkhē "beginning" |
archaeology or archeology, archaic |
|
arct- , arcto- |
Relating to the North Pole or the region near it; relating to cold; used as the scientific name of some bear species, e.g. Ursus arctos horribilis |
Greek |
arktos "bear" |
Arctic Ocean |
|
argent- |
silver |
Latin |
argentum "silver" |
argent, Argentina |
|
arthr- , arthro- |
joint |
Greek |
arthron "joint" |
arthropod |
|
astr-, astro- |
star, star-shaped |
Greek |
astron "star" |
astronomy |
|
athl- |
prize |
Greek |
athlos "contest" |
athlete |
|
aud-, audi- |
hearing, listening, sound |
Latin |
audire "to hear" |
auditorium, auditory, audio |
|
aug-, auct- |
grow, increase |
Latin |
augēre "to increase" |
augmentation |
|
aur- |
relating to gold, or gold-colored |
Latin |
aurum "gold" |
aureole, aure |
|
auri- |
Relating to the ear |
Latin |
auris "ear" |
auricle |
|
aut- , auto- |
self; directed from within |
Greek |
αυτός (autos) "self", "same" |
automobile, autonomy |
|
avi- |
bird |
Latin |
avis "bird" |
aviary, aviation |
|
axi- |
axis |
Greek |
Latin from Greek axios "worth" |
axis, axiology |
|
Root |
Meaning In English |
Origin Language |
Etymology (Root Origin) |
English Examples |
|
bac- |
rod-shaped |
Latin |
from baculum "rod" |
bacilla, bacteria |
|
baro- |
weight, pressure |
Greek |
βαρυς (barus) |
barometer, barograph, baroreceptor |
|
basi- |
at the bottom |
Greek |
from βαίνω, to walk, march, βάσις "step" |
basic, basis |
|
bathy-, batho- |
deep, depth |
Greek |
βαθύς (bathús, bathýs) "deep" |
batholith |
|
be-, beat- |
bless |
Latin |
beare, beatus |
beatification |
|
bell(i)- |
war |
Latin |
bellum, belli |
bellicose, belligerent, antebellum |
|
ben- |
good, well |
Latin |
bene (adverb) |
benefit, benignity |
|
bi- |
two |
Latin |
bis, "twice"; bini, "in twos" |
binoculars, bigamy, biscotti |
|
bib- |
drink |
Latin |
bibere, bibitus |
imbibe |
|
bibl- |
book |
Greek |
βιβλίον (biblíon) "book" |
bibliography, bible |
|
bi(o)- |
life |
Greek |
βίος (bíos) "life" |
biology, biologist, biosphere |
|
blenn(o)- |
slime |
Greek |
βλεννος (blennos) |
blennophobia, blennosperma |
|
blast- |
germ, embryo, bud, cell with nucleus |
Greek |
βλαστάνω, "to put forth shoots" |
sideroblast |
|
bon(i)- |
good |
Latin |
bonus |
bonify, bonitary |
|
bor- |
north |
Greek / Latin (boreas) |
Greek βορράς (borras) "the north wind" |
borealis |
|
botan- |
plant |
Greek |
(botanē) |
botany |
|
bov- |
cow, ox |
Latin |
bos, bovis |
bovine |
|
brachi(o)- |
arm |
Greek |
βραχίων (brakhíōn) "arm" |
brachial artery, brachiosaurus |
|
brachy- |
short |
Greek |
βραχύς (brakhús, brakhýs) "short" |
brachydactyly |
|
brady- |
slow |
Greek |
βραδύς (bradús, bradýs) |
bradycardia |
|
branch- |
gill |
Greek |
βράγχιον (brágkhion, bránkhion) "gill" |
branchiopod |
|
brev(i)- |
brief, short (time) |
Latin |
brevis, breviare |
abbreviation, brevity |
|
briz- |
nod |
Greek |
(brizō) |
. |
|
brom- |
oats |
Greek |
βρόμος (brómos) "oats" |
. |
|
bronch- |
windpipe |
Greek |
βρόγχος (brógkhos, brónkhos) |
bronchitis |
|
bront- |
thunder |
Greek |
βροντη (brontē) |
Brontosaurus |
|
bucc- |
cheek, mouth, cavity |
Latin |
bucca |
buccal, buccinator muscle |
|
bulb- |
bulbous |
Latin |
bulbus |
bulbous |
|
bull- |
bubble, flask |
Latin |
bulla, "bubble" |
ebullient, ebullism |
|
burs- |
pouch, purse |
Latin |
bursary, disburse |
|
|
Root |
Meaning In English |
Origin Language |
Etymology (Root Origin) |
English Examples |
|
cac(o)- |
bad |
Greek |
κακος (kakos) |
cacophony |
|
cad-, -cid-, cas- |
fall |
Latin |
cadere, casus |
accident, cadence, case |
|
caed-, -cid-, caes-, -cis- |
cut |
Latin |
caedere, caesus |
incisor |
|
calc- |
stone |
Latin and Greek |
from Latin calx "lime", and from Greek khalix"pebble" "limestone" |
calculus, calcite, calcium |
|
caedere |
break |
Latin |
caesura |
|
|
calli- |
beautiful |
Greek |
from Greek kallos "beauty" |
calligraphy |
|
calor- |
heat |
Latin |
calor "heat" |
calorie |
|
calyp- |
cover |
Greek |
(kaluptein) |
apocalypse |
|
camer- |
vault |
Latin |
camera |
bicameral, camera |
|
camp- |
field |
Latin |
campus "field", "level ground" |
champion, campaign |
|
can(i)- |
dog |
Latin |
canis "dog" |
canine, Canis Major |
|
can-, cant- |
sing |
Latin |
canere "sing" |
canto, cantata, cantor |
|
cand- |
glowing, iridescent |
Latin |
candere "to be white or glisten" |
candid, incandescent, candle, candela |
|
cap-, -cip-, capt-, -cept- |
hold, take |
Latin |
capere, captus "take or hold" (note the vowel change from a to i in compounds) |
capture, captive, conception, recipient |
|
capit-, -cipit- |
head |
Latin |
caput, capitis "head" |
capital, chief, chef, decapitate |
|
capr- |
goat |
Latin |
caper, capri |
Capricorn, caprine |
|
caps- |
box, case |
Latin |
capsa |
capsule |
|
carbo- |
coal |
Latin |
carbo, carbonis |
carbon |
|
carcer- |
jail |
Latin |
carcer, carcerare |
incarceration |
|
carci- |
cancer (disease) |
Latin from Greek |
Latin from Greek karkinos "crab" |
carcinoma |
|
cardi(o)- |
relating to the heart |
Greek |
kardia "heart" |
cardiology, cardiograph |
|
cardin- |
hinge |
Latin |
cardo, cardinis |
cardinal |
|
carn- |
flesh |
Latin |
caro, carnis |
carnival, carnivore |
|
carpo- |
relating to fruit |
Greek |
from Greek karpos "fruit" |
carpology |
|
carp- |
relating to the wrist |
Greek |
from Greek karpos "wrist" |
carpal, carpal tunnel syndrome |
|
cata- |
down |
Greek |
kata "down" |
catastrophe, catatonia |
|
caten- |
chain |
Latin |
catena |
concatenation |
|
cathar- |
pure |
Greek |
(katharos) |
catharsis |
|
caud- |
tail |
Latin |
cauda |
caudal |
|
cav- |
hollow |
Latin |
cavus "hollow" |
cave, cavity, excavation |
|
ced-, cess- |
go |
Latin |
cedere |
procession, recede |
|
celer- |
quick |
Latin |
celer, celerare |
acceleration, celerity |
|
cen(o)- |
new |
Greek |
καινος (kainos) |
Cenozoic |
|
cen(o)- |
common |
Greek |
(koinos) |
cenospecies, Koine Greek |
|
cens- |
Latin |
censere "to estimate" |
census |
|
|
cent- |
hundred |
Latin |
centum "hundred" |
cent, centennial, centurion |
|
centen- |
hundred each |
Latin |
centeni |
centenary |
|
centesim- |
hundredth |
Latin |
centesimus |
centesimal, centesimation |
|
centr- |
center |
Greek |
κέντρον (kéntron) "needle", "spur" |
eccentric |
|
cephalo- |
head |
Greek |
kephale "head" |
cephalopod, encephalogram |
|
ceram- |
clay |
Greek |
(keramos) |
ceramic |
|
cerat- |
horn |
Greek |
(keras, keratos) "horn" |
ceratin, cornea |
|
cern- |
Latin |
cernere |
discern |
|
|
cervic- |
relating to the neck, relating to the cervix |
Latin |
cervix, cervicis "neck" |
cervix, cervical |
|
ceter- |
other |
Latin |
ceterus |
et cetera |
|
chiro- |
of the hand or hands |
Greek |
kheir "hand" |
chiroptera, chiropractic |
|
chelo- |
relating to a turtle |
Greek |
khelone "tortoise" |
chelonia |
|
chloro- |
green |
Greek |
from Greek khlōros "green" |
chlorine, chlorophyll |
|
choreo- |
relating to dance |
Greek |
from Greek khoreia "dancing in unison" fromkhoros "chorus" |
choreography |
|
chord- |
cord |
Latin |
chorda "rope" |
chordata |
|
chrom- |
color |
Greek |
khrōma "color" |
chromosome, chromium |
|
chryso- |
gold |
Greek |
khrusos "gold" |
chrysolite |
|
cili- |
eyelash |
Latin |
cilium |
cilia |
|
cine- |
motion |
Greek |
(kine-) |
cinema |
|
ciner- |
ash |
Latin |
cinis, cineris |
incineration |
|
cing-, cinct- |
gird |
Latin |
cingere |
succinct |
|
circ- |
circle |
Latin |
circus |
circus |
|
circum- |
around |
Latin |
circum "around" |
circumference |
|
cirr- |
orange |
Greek |
kirros |
cirrhosis |
|
cirr- |
curl, tentacle |
Latin |
cirrus |
cirrus |
|
civ- |
citizen |
Latin |
civis |
civility |
|
clad- |
branch |
Greek |
(klados) |
|
|
clar- |
clear |
Latin |
clarus |
clarity, declaration |
|
clast- |
broken |
Greek |
klastos "broken" |
iconoclast |
|
claud-, -clud-, claus-, -clus- |
close |
Latin |
claudere |
clause, exclusion, include |
|
clav- |
key |
Greek |
from Greek kleis "key" from kleiein "to close" |
conclave |
|
cl(e)ist- |
closed |
. |
||
|
cleithr- |
bar, key |
. |
||
|
clement- |
mild |
Latin |
clemens, clementis |
clemency, inclement |
|
clin- |
bed, lean, recline |
Latin |
-clinare |
declination, inclined |
|
cochl- |
shell |
Greek |
(kochlos) |
cochlea |
|
coel- |
hollow |
Greek |
(koilos) |
. |
|
cogn- |
know |
Latin |
cognitive |
|
|
col- |
strain |
Latin |
colare, colum |
colander |
|
coll- |
neck |
Latin |
collum |
collar |
|
color- |
color |
Latin |
color |
coloration |
|
con-, co-, col-, com- |
with, together, joined |
Latin |
cum |
connect, collide, compress |
|
condi- |
season |
Latin |
condire |
condiment |
|
cono- |
cone |
Greek |
konos |
conic, conical |
|
contra- |
against |
Latin |
contra |
contrast |
|
copro- |
dung |
Greek |
(kopros) |
coprolite, coprophagia, coprophilia |
|
corac- |
raven |
Greek |
(korax, korakos) |
coracoid |
|
cord- |
heart |
Latin |
cor, cordis |
accord, cordial |
|
corn- |
horn |
Latin |
cornu |
cornucopia |
|
coron- |
crown |
Latin |
corona, coronare |
corona, coronation |
|
corpor- |
body |
Latin |
corpus, corporis |
corporation, corpse |
|
cortic- |
bark |
Latin |
cortex, corticis |
. |
|
cosmet- |
Greek |
(kosmet-) |
cosmetics, cosmetology |
|
|
cost- |
rib |
Latin |
costa |
costal |
|
cotyl- |
cup |
Greek |
(kotulē) |
cotyledon |
|
crani- |
skull |
Greek |
(kranion) |
cranium |
|
crass- |
thick |
Latin |
crassus |
crassitude |
|
cre- |
make |
Latin |
creare |
creation, creature |
|
crep- |
boot, shoe |
Greek |
(krēpis, krēpidos) |
. |
|
cribr- |
sieve |
Latin |
cribrum "a sieve" |
cribble, cribrate |
|
cric- |
ring |
Greek |
κρικος (krikos) |
|
|
cris-, crit- |
judge |
Greek |
crisis, critic |
|
|
crisp- |
curled |
Latin |
crispus |
crispate |
|
crist- |
crest |
Latin |
crista |
cristate |
|
crosso- |
fringe, tassel |
Greek |
(krossoi) |
. |
|
cruc(i)- |
cross |
Latin |
crux, crucis |
crucial, crucifix, crucify |
|
crur(i)- |
leg, shank |
Latin |
crus, cruris |
crural |
|
crypt- |
hidden |
Greek |
(kruptos) |
cryptic, cryptography |
|
cten(o)- |
comb |
Greek |
(kteis, ktenos) |
ctenophore |
|
cub- |
cube |
Greek |
(kubos) |
cubic, cuboid |
|
cub- |
lie |
Latin |
cubare |
incubation, succuba |
|
culin- |
kitchen |
Latin |
culina |
culinary |
|
culp- |
blame, fault |
Latin |
culpa |
culpable, exculpate |
|
cune- |
wedge |
Latin |
cuneus |
cuneiform |
|
curr-, curs- |
run |
Latin |
currere |
concurrent, recursion |
|
curv- |
bent |
Latin |
curvus |
curvature |
|
cusp- |
lance, point |
Latin |
cuspis, cuspidis |
bicuspid |
|
cut(i)- |
skin |
Latin |
cutis |
cuticle |
|
cyan- |
blue |
Greek |
κυανός (kuanos) |
cyanide |
|
cycl- |
circular |
Greek |
κύκλος (kuklos) |
bicycle, cycle, cyclone |
|
cylind- |
roll |
Greek |
(kulindros) |
cylinder |
|
cyn- |
dog |
Greek |
(kuōn, kunos) |
cynosure |
|
cyst- |
capsule |
Greek |
(kustis) |
cystic |
|
cyt(o)- |
cell |
Greek |
(kutos) |
cytoplasm |
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